Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553292
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 44AP
To determine
The reason due to which the given situation is impossible.
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A typical weather balloon is made of a thin latex envelope that takes very little force to stretch, so the pressure inside the balloon is approximately equal to atmospheric pressure. Suppose a weather balloon filled with 180 mol of helium is waiting for launch on a cold morning at a high-altitude station. The balloon warms in the sun, which raises the temperature of the gas from0°C to 30°C. As the balloon expands, how much work is done by the expanding gas?
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Imagine a physics lecture hall with 83 students who are settling in for a 1-hour lecture. At the start of the lecture, the temperature of the air in the room is a comfortable 70oF (21.1°C). Unfortunately, the room’s air conditioner breaks right as the lecture begins. Each student has an average power output of about 60.0 W at room temperature. Imagine the energy released by each student goes into heating just the air in the room, which has a volume of 9.50 × 102 m3 and a density of 1.20 kg/m3. Assume the volume of the air remains constant and the specific heat capacity of the air is 718 J/(kg · °C). Calculate the room’s temperature at the end of the lecture in oF (the answer may sound high (!), but in reality, a significant portion of the heat produced would be absorbed by the walls, ceiling, floors, chairs, desks, and so on, which we are neglecting).
Chapter 21 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 21.1 - The energy input to an engine is 4.00 times...Ch. 21.2 - The energy entering an electric heater by...Ch. 21.4 - Three engines operate between reservoirs separated...Ch. 21.6 - (a) Suppose you select four cards at random from a...Ch. 21.7 - An ideal gas is taken from an initial temperature...Ch. 21.7 - True or False: The entropy change in an adiabatic...Ch. 21 - A particular heat engine has a mechanical power...Ch. 21 - The work done by an engine equals one-fourth the...Ch. 21 - Suppose a heat engine is connected to two energy...Ch. 21 - During each cycle, a refrigerator ejects 625 kJ of...
Ch. 21 - A freezer has a coefficient of performance of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 6PCh. 21 - One of the most efficient heat engines ever built...Ch. 21 - Prob. 8PCh. 21 - If a 35.0% -efficient Carnot heat engine (Fig....Ch. 21 - Prob. 10PCh. 21 - Prob. 11PCh. 21 - A power plant operates at a 32.0% efficiency...Ch. 21 - You are working on a summer job at a company that...Ch. 21 - Prob. 14PCh. 21 - Prob. 15PCh. 21 - Suppose you build a two-engine device with the...Ch. 21 - A heat pump used for heating shown in Figure...Ch. 21 - Prob. 18PCh. 21 - An idealized diesel engine operates in a cycle...Ch. 21 - Prob. 20PCh. 21 - Prob. 21PCh. 21 - A Styrofoam cup holding 125 g of hot water at 100C...Ch. 21 - A 1 500-kg car is moving at 20.0 m/s. The driver...Ch. 21 - A 2.00-L container has a center partition that...Ch. 21 - Calculate the change in entropy of 250 g of water...Ch. 21 - What change in entropy occurs when a 27.9-g ice...Ch. 21 - Prob. 27PCh. 21 - Prob. 28PCh. 21 - Prob. 29PCh. 21 - Prob. 30APCh. 21 - Prob. 31APCh. 21 - In 1993, the U.S. government instituted a...Ch. 21 - In 1816, Robert Stirling, a Scottish clergyman,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 34APCh. 21 - Prob. 35APCh. 21 - Prob. 36APCh. 21 - A 1.00-mol sample of an ideal monatomic gas is...Ch. 21 - Prob. 38APCh. 21 - A heat engine operates between two reservoirs at...Ch. 21 - You are working as an assistant to a physics...Ch. 21 - Prob. 41APCh. 21 - You are working as an expert witness for an...Ch. 21 - Prob. 43APCh. 21 - Prob. 44APCh. 21 - A sample of an ideal gas expands isothermally,...Ch. 21 - Prob. 46APCh. 21 - The compression ratio of an Otto cycle as shown in...
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- If a gas is compressed isothermally, which of the following statements is true? (a) Energy is transferred into the gas by heat. (b) No work is done on the gas. (c) The temperature of the gas increases. (d) The internal energy of the gas remains constant. (e) None of those statements is true.arrow_forwardA certain ideal gas has a molar specific heat of Cv = 72R. A 2.00-mol sample of the gas always starts at pressure 1.00 105 Pa and temperature 300 K. For each of the following processes, determine (a) the final pressure, (b) the final volume, (c) the final temperature, (d) the change in internal energy of the gas, (e) the energy added to the gas by heat, and (f) the work done on the gas. (i) The gas is heated at constant pressure to 400 K. (ii) The gas is heated at constant volume to 400 K. (iii) The gas is compressed at constant temperature to 1.20 105 Pa. (iv) The gas is compressed adiabatically to 1.20 105 Pa.arrow_forwardWhy is a person able to remove a piece of dry aluminum foil from a hot oven with bare fingers, whereas a burn results if there is moisture on the foil?arrow_forward
- In Figure P19.22, the change in internal energy of a gas that is taken from A to C along the blue path is +800 J. The work done on the gas along the red path ABC is 500 J. (a) How much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from A through B to C? (b) If the pressure at point A is five times that of point C, what is the work done on the system in going from C to D? Figure P19.22 (c) What is the energy exchanged with the surroundings by heat as the gas goes from C to A along the green path? (d) If the change in internal energy in going from point D to point A is +500 J, how much energy must be added to the system by heat as it goes from point C to point D?arrow_forwardWork of 2250 J is done by stirring a perfectly insulated beaker containing 75 g of water. The specific heat capacity of water is 4186 J / kg°C. a) What is Q (heat added or removed) for this process? b) What is the change in the internal energy of the system? c) What is the change in the temperature of the water?arrow_forwardAn ideal gas is heated at a constant pressure of 1.80 x 10 Pa from a temperature of -73.0°C to a temperature of +27.0°C. The initial volume of the gas is 0.100 m³. The heat energy supplied to the gas in this process is 40.0 kJ. What is the increase in internal energy of the gas? -8.95:kJarrow_forward
- A solar hot-water-heating system consists of a hot-water tank and a solar panel. The tank is well insulated and has a time constant of 60 hr. The solar panel generates 2200 Btu/hr during the day, and the tank has a heat capacity of 3°F per thousand Btu. If the water in the tank is initially 105°F and the room temperature outside the tank is 81°F, what will be the temperature in the tank after 10 hr of sunlight? What is U(t), the rate of temperature change due to the solar heating panel? Select the correct choice below and, if necessary, fill in the answer box to complete your choice. O A. U(t)= °F/hr OB. U(t) is unknown. xample Get more help Clear all Check answerarrow_forwardIf I add 11664 J of energy to an ideal gas inside a balloon, causing the internal energy to increase by 7278 J, how much work is done on the environment by the gas as the balloon expands?arrow_forwardIn a solar water heater, energy from the Sun is gathered by water that circulates through tubes in a rooftop collector.The solar radiation enters the collector through a transparent cover and warms the water in the tubes; this water is pumped into a holding tank. Assume that the efficiency of the overall system is 20% (that is, 80% of the incident solar energy is lost from the system). What collector area is necessary to raise the temperature of 200 L of water in the tank from 20C to 40°C in 1.0 h when the intensity of incident sunlight is 700 W/m2?arrow_forward
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