The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated. Concept Introduction: Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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6. Match each of the lettered items in the column on the left with the most appropriate numbered item(s) in the column on the right. Some of the numbered items may be used more than once and some not at all. a. Z = 37 1. b. Mn 2. C. Pr element in period 5 and group 14 element in period 5 and group 15 d. S e. [Rn] 7s¹ f. d block metal 3. highest metallic character of all the elements 4. paramagnetic with 5 unpaired electrons 5. 4f36s2 6. isoelectronic with Ca²+ cation 7. an alkaline metal 8. an f-block element

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Part II. xiao isolated a compound TAD (Ca H 10 N₂) from tobacco and obtained its IR spectrum. Xiao proposed a chemical structure shown below: % Transmittance 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 Wavenumber (cm-1) 1500 1000 (a) Explain why her proposed structure is inconsistent with the IR spectrum obtained (b) TAD exists as a tautomer of the structure xiao proposed. Draw the structure and explain why it is more compatible with the obtained spectrum. (C) what is the possible source for the fairly intense signal at 1621cm1

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 35P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are enantiomers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers are the pairs which are mirror images of each other. These mirror images are non-superimposable to each other. This means the forms of a compound which exists in two non-superimposable forms each of which is a mirror image of other form is known as enantiomers.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which are C-2 epimers out of the eight aldopentoses are to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

C-2 epimers are the compounds which has different configuration at second carbon atom and have same configuration at all other carbon atoms.

The stereogenic center present in the compound which makes the orientation of molecules different is known as epimers.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The aldopentoses which forms an optically active compound on oxidation with nitric acid is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Aldopentoses are the compounds containing five carbon atoms and one aldehyde group at one end of carbon chain which gives dicarboxylic acids called aldaric acids on oxidation with nitric acids. Aldaric acid is the molecule containing six carbon atoms having carboxylic acid group on both the sides.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 2P Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 4P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 21.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 21.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that aldopentoses are enantiomers, which are mirror images of each other.

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Chapter 21 Solutions