Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168130
Author: Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Chapter 21, Problem 2ILQ
Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/immunecells) to learn about the many different cell types in the immune system and their very specialized jobs. What is the role of the dendritic cell in infection by HIV?
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Visit this website (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/immunecells) to learn about the many different cell typesin the immune system and their very specialized jobs. Whatis the role of the dendritic cell in infection by HIV?
Imagine a new viral infection has emerged in the southwestern U.S. The virus has distinct
surface properties such that prior infections with other viruses is not providing immunity against
this virus and it starts to spread rapidly.
Diagram and/or describe the major steps of immune response to infection by this
virus. Include both the innate and adaptive immune responses.
How do antibodies help block viral infection?
Once the virus enters a cell it is no longer accessible to antibodies or immune cells. What type of
T cells are most important for this stage of infection? How do these T cells recognize infected
cells and stop the infection?
Some strains of the human papilloma virus (HPV) are resistant to interferons. If HPV can inhibit interferon binding to cells, what advantage does this give the virus?
Question 2 options:
Antiviral proteins will not be synthesized in neighbouring cells.
Interferons will be released by non-infected neighbouring cells.
Interferons will bind to the virus to neurtralize it.
Interferons tell the virus-infected cells to apoptose.
The viruses will be warned that a host is coming.
Chapter 21 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Visit this website...Ch. 21 - Immunity can be acquired in an active or passive...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is phagocytic? plasma...Ch. 21 - Which structure allows lymph from the lower right...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells is important hi the...Ch. 21 - Which of the following cells would be most active...Ch. 21 - Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to...Ch. 21 - Which of the following signs is not characteristic...
Ch. 21 - Which of the following is not important in the...Ch. 21 - Enhanced phagocytosis of a cell by the binding of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following leads to the redness of...Ch. 21 - T cells that secrete cytokines that help antibody...Ch. 21 - The taking in of antigen and digesting it for...Ch. 21 - Why is clonal expansion so important? to select...Ch. 21 - The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is...Ch. 21 - Which type of T cell is most effective against...Ch. 21 - Removing functionality from a B cell without...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody crosses the placenta in...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody has no known function...Ch. 21 - When does class switching occur? primary response...Ch. 21 - Which class of antibody is found in mucus? IgM IgA...Ch. 21 - Which enzymes in macrophages are important for...Ch. 21 - What type of chronic lung disease is caused by a...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response is most directly...Ch. 21 - What is the reason that you have to be immunized...Ch. 21 - Which type of immune response works in conceit...Ch. 21 - Which type of hypersensitivity involves soluble...Ch. 21 - What causes the delay in delayed hypersensitivity?...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is a critical feature of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following is an autoimmune disease of...Ch. 21 - What drug is used to counteract the effects of...Ch. 21 - Which of the following terms means many genes?...Ch. 21 - Why do we have natural antibodies? We dont know...Ch. 21 - Which type of cancer is associated with HIV...Ch. 21 - How does cyclosporine A work? suppresses...Ch. 21 - What disease is associated with bone marrow...Ch. 21 - Describe the flow of lymph from its origins in...Ch. 21 - Describe the process of inflammation in an area...Ch. 21 - Describe two early induced responses and what...Ch. 21 - Describe the processing and presentation of an...Ch. 21 - Describe clonal selection and expansion.Ch. 21 - Describe how secondary B cell responses are...Ch. 21 - Describe the role of IgM in immunity.Ch. 21 - Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease.Ch. 21 - Describe tuberculosis and the innocent bystander...Ch. 21 - Describe anaphylactic shock in someone sensitive...Ch. 21 - Describe rheumatic fever and how Tolerance is...Ch. 21 - Describe how stress affects immune responses.
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardDescribe neutrophils and NK cells, giving one example of how each cell type destroys pathogens that have invaded your body. Why are they both part of the “innate” immune system?arrow_forwardA man gets bitten by a rattle snake. The man is rushed to the hospital and they administer to him anti-rattle snake venom. The anti-rattle snake venom is horse antibodies that were raised against rattle snake venom, and it provides immunity against rattle snake venom. Based on what you studied in the lecture: A) what is the type of immunity that antivenom provides? B) Are the antibodies part of the innate or the adaptive immune responses? C) From what you have learned about the properties of antibodies, can this horse anti-rattle snake venom be used as anti-venom to Cobra snake venom? Explain briefly. D) Six months after this incident, the same person got bitten again by a rattle snake. However, at the hospital the doctors were informed that he was previously given horse anti-venom and so they decided that this person cannot be injected again with horse anti-venom, and they had to find an anti-venom not prepared in horse. Explain briefly why he cannot get any horse anti-venom again,…arrow_forward
- Johnny has just been infected and needs your help in letting him know how his body is fighting the infection. To do so, describe how the innate and adaptive immune systems work together. You should address the following: 1. define adaptive and innate immunity; 2. Describe the role of natural killer cells (how do they work); 3. what are antigen presenting cells and what is their function, what are MHCs?; 4. describe the role of the complement system; 5. what is the role of interferons?; 6. How do helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells and B lymphocytes work make sure you address adaptive immunity memory?; 7. Define HIV, which cells do they attack and why do some individuals develop persistent lymphadenopathy (swollen or enlarged lymph nodes)?arrow_forwardWhat occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply. Naive B cells bind to antigen on the surface of a bacterium and become activated. A dendritic cell incorporates digested viral antigen-MHC complexes. Naive cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen on antigen-presenting dendritic cells and become activated. Effector cytotoxic T cells circulate through the body and kill any body cells that display the viral antigen-MHC complexes.arrow_forwardIn an immune response, what is the main function of the circulatory system? to produce inflammation and activate B cells to send chemical signals and transport immune cells to stimulate infected cells and release interferons to trap pathogens and attract phagocytesarrow_forward
- When we get sick we trust our immune system to protect us, but what happens when that system goes awry and ends up killing patients? Question: What is Cytokine Storm, and how does it work? What happens during the immuneresponse to the Corona virus, which results in a high number of deaths? Analyze and give a brief report.arrow_forwardIf you have had mumps or chickenpox before, you aren't going to get those illnesses again in the future. That is because of the specific immunity provided by lymphocytes in the lymphatic system. Briefly describe how specific immunity works. Your answer should include a description of what antigens are and the role that they play as well as the roles played by the different types of lymphocytes. Also, explain why you would have lifelong immunity to certain diseases after you have had them before or have received vaccinations against them.arrow_forwardUsing complete sentences, compare and contrast the of the innate and adaptive immune systems with the following considerations: What are each system’s functions? Which cells are involved in each? What outcomes occur afteractivation?arrow_forward
- Contrast cell – mediated immunity with antibody – mediated immunity. Make sure to note: which cells are involved, how they are involved, and the end result of each type of immunity. Why is adaptive immunity called an “antigen-specific response”?arrow_forwardThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensinsarrow_forwardName several cytokines and describe their role in the immune response.arrow_forward
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