(a) Interpretation: The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds ( aldehyde / ketone ), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

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Using the general properties of equilibrium constants At a certain temperature, the equilibrium constant K for the following reaction is 1.3 × 10 4: Cl2(g) + CHCl3(g) HCl(g) + CC₁(g) Use this information to complete the following table. Suppose a 16. L reaction vessel is filled with 1.6 mol of HCI and 1.6 mol of CCl4. What can you say about the composition of the mixture in the vessel at equilibrium? There will be very little Cl2 and CHCl3. ☐ x10 There will be very little HCI and CCl4. Neither of the above is true. What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. HCl(g)+CC14(g) 12 Cl2(9)+CHCl3(9) K = 0 ☐ What is the equilibrium constant for the following reaction? Be sure your answer has the correct number of significant digits. 2 Cl₂(9)+2CHCl3(9) 2 HCl(9)+2CC₁₁(9) K = ✓ 00. 18 Ar

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

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Answer 5

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Answer 6

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Answer 7

Chapter 21, Problem 21.14P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydride reduction or the nucleophilic addition of carbanions to carbonyl compounds (aldehyde/ketone), both involve two-step mechanism that is nucleophilic attack of hydride ion or carbanion followed by protonation.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 21 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.2P Ch. 21 - Give the IUPAC name for each aldehyde.Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.4P Ch. 21 - Give the IUPAC name for each ketone.Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.6P Ch. 21 - Prob. 21.7P Ch. 21 - The boiling point of is significantly higher than...Ch. 21 - Which carbonyl group in each pair absorbs at a...Ch. 21 - Problem 21.10 Draw the structure of all...

Solution Summary: The author explains that the products of given reaction (including all stereoisomers) are shown in Figure 1.

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Chapter 21 Solutions