Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 21, Problem 12TYK
Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by recessive alleles that are not expressed in heterozygotes. Some people think that eugenics—the selective breeding of humans to eliminate undesirable genetic traits—provides a way for us to rid our populations of such harmful alleles. Explain why eugenics cannot eliminate such genetic traits from human populations.
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The eugenic movement was created in the early 20th century by Sir Francis Galton. Its aim was to improve the genetic pool of the human population by selective breeding. One idea was to discourage individuals with Mendelian autosomal recessive diseases to have children. However, the fallacy of this idea is shown by the fact that recessive lethal alleles (that are never found in homozygosity) can persist in populations for hundreds to thousands of generations. Which one of the following statements best explains the persistence of those alleles in populations?
There is heterozygote advantage in those populations.
Recessive alleles keep being produced by mutation.
Recessive alleles cannot be selected against when present in heterozygotes.
Genetic drift keeps recessive alleles at a relative high frequency in populations.
Consider the action of mutation and of genetic drift in a population. What do you expect genetic variation will be in a…
Background: In class we did a project about m and m’s and there ability to evolve and natural selection. (Yes I know they can’t actually evolve it was just used as a example in class) however I can’t figure out this question.
Occasionally a mutant may occur and produce a candy that is misshapen or Pointier or flatter than the rest. Often this proves to be a weakness, but a rare mutation may confer extra M&M durability. Other mutations in M&Ms could occur ( like ones that result in a new color). A mutant un you population represents a new _________.
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results in condensed chromatin, which makes DNA inaccessible, and
results in
open chromatin, which makes DNA accessible.
Oxidation; Nitrification
OAcetylation; methylation
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O Nitrification; oxidation
Chapter 21 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 21.1 - If a population of skunks includes some...Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.1 - What factors contribute to phenotypic variation in...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 1SBCh. 21.2 - Why is the Hardy-Weinberg principle considered a...Ch. 21.2 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.3 - Which agents of microevolution tend to increase...Ch. 21.3 - Which mode of natural selection increases the...Ch. 21.3 - In what way is sexual selection like directional...Ch. 21.4 - How does the diploid condition protect harmful...
Ch. 21.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 21.5 - How can a biologist test whether a trait is...Ch. 21.5 - Why are most organisms adapted to the environments...Ch. 21 - The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an...Ch. 21 - The phenomenon in which chance events cause...Ch. 21 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 21 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 21 - Which of the following represents an example of...Ch. 21 - A population of mice is at HardyWeinberg...Ch. 21 - If the genotype frequencies in a population are...Ch. 21 - An Eastern European immigrant carrying the allele...Ch. 21 - If a storm kills many small sparrows in a...Ch. 21 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 21 - Discuss Concepts Many human diseases are caused by...Ch. 21 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 21 - Apply Evolutionary Thinking Captive breeding...Ch. 21 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 21 - Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that...Ch. 21 - Peter and Rosemary Grant of Princeton University...
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- Which of the following is TRUE about eugenics? a. None of the above. b. The idea of eugenics came from an incorrect interpretation of natural selection. c. The Nazis used the idea of eugenics to justify murdering millions of people. d. In the United States, people were forcibly sterilized without their consent, and the courts ruled that this was legal. e. All of the above.arrow_forwardSir Francis Galton (1883) developed the concept of eugenics, advocated the encouragement, through the distribution of incentive, of “able” couples to reproduce to improve human heredity traits. To what extent, did you agreed with the concept of eugenics to be adopted in the modern world. Provide relevant example to support your stance.arrow_forwardFrom your research, you discover that in this species of fish, the allele for black color is dominant to orange color. Based on this research, can you determine the genotype of a black fish just by looking at it? Why or why not? Yes, because the recessive allele must have been eliminated by the dominant one. Yes, because the phenotype always expresses all the alleles. No, because you do not know the DNA sequence. No, because it could be either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.arrow_forward
- The philosophy of “race improvement” through the forced sterilization of members of some groups and increased reproduction among others to eliminate “unfit” genes is called… Group of answer choices artificial selection genetic directive eugenics trigenics progenicsarrow_forwardAlzheimer's is believed to be caused by a dominant allele, however, it continues to persist in populations, even though it is deleterious. Explain why the allele for Alzheimer's persists using an evolutionary justification.arrow_forwardAs energy is limited to organisms, females can interpret the production of large or bright badges or ornaments by males as a sign that they have enough energy/resources to produce those signals and still survive. This idea is predicted by the good genes hypothesis. True Falsearrow_forward
- The drug tamoxifen has been used to treat some types of breast cancer. Suppose even among female patients with the same tumor grade there is variation in responsiveness to tamoxifen. It is also found that this variation is at least partly genetic; his variation is at least partly genetic; women with a relative who had a low responsiveness to the drug are at higher risk of low responsiveness to the drug The target of tamoxifen is a protein called the estrogen receptor. A. Outline how a “candidate gene approach” could be conducted to investigate whether variation in the gene for estrogen receptor affects tamoxifen responsivenessarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the theories of senescence is correct? Question 2 options: The reason why organisms become old and decrepit is because an individual would often have accumulated too much energy in its lifetime in the form of fat reserve; therefore, an older individual often dies from old-age related diseases. An allele that shows its deleterious effect later in life will always have a smaller impact on an organism's fitness than an allele that shows its deleterious effect early in life. Therefore, late-acting deleterious mutations can be fixed in the population, resulting in shortened lifespans. The allele that can result in early reproduction will always be selected for, even if it comes with a cost of earlier senescence. Typically, for species that live fast would usually die young. None of the abovearrow_forwardNancy Jones is a doctor who specializes in genetic diseases. For many years she has been studying populations of people who have Huntington’s disease. Dr. Jones has a special interest in Huntington’s disease because her mother died of this disease after many years living in a wheelchair. Dr. Jones’s father does not appear to have the disease. She has developed a test that can detect the dominant Huntington’s gene before symptoms appear and she has performed this test on many people. This test involves mapping a person’s genome to determine if the dominant Huntington’s gene is present. Dr. Jones is unsure if she should take the test herself as it will not prevent the disease from developing, only give the person advanced warning of the disease. Nancy Jones has a sister. Draw a pedigree chart that maps the disease through this family. Make sure to indicate those family members that have the disease, those that do not have the disease and those whose status is unknown. If you were Nancy…arrow_forward
- Albinism occupied a special place in the Hopi culture; individuals who possessed this trait were valued by members of the tribe. What are some examples of genetic traits that, in contrast, sometimes result in discrimination and prejudice?arrow_forwardSkin color in humans is an example of an evolutionary trade-off: a situation where a trait that is an advantage in one context is a disadvantage in a different context. Darker skin protects DNA from damage due to ultraviolet radiation (an advantage) but makes it harder for the body to produce vitamin D (a disadvantage). Based on what you’ve learned, which of the following describe other examples of evolutionary trade-offs? Select all that apply.arrow_forwardPlease explain how eugenics attempts to alter allele frequenciesarrow_forward
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