The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written. Concept Introduction: In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp 2 -hybridized carbon.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

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Part II. Given two isomers: 2-methylpentane (A) and 2,2-dimethyl butane (B) answer the following: (a) match structures of isomers given their mass spectra below (spectra A and spectra B) (b) Draw the fragments given the following prominent peaks from each spectrum: Spectra A m/2 =43 and 1/2-57 spectra B m/2 = 43 (c) why is 1/2=57 peak in spectrum A more intense compared to the same peak in spectrum B. Relative abundance Relative abundance 100 A 50 29 29 0 10 -0 -0 100 B 50 720 30 41 43 57 71 4-0 40 50 60 70 m/z 43 57 8-0 m/z = 86 M 90 100 71 m/z = 86 M -O 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 -88 m/z 90 100

Part IV. C6H5 CH2CH2OH is an aromatic compound which was subjected to Electron Ionization - mass spectrometry (El-MS) analysis. Prominent m/2 values: m/2 = 104 and m/2 = 9) was obtained. Draw the structures of these fragments.

For each reaction shown below follow the curved arrows to complete each equationby showing the structure of the products. Identify the acid, the base, the conjugated acid andconjugated base. Consutl the pKa table and choose the direciton theequilibrium goes. However show the curved arrows. Please explain if possible.

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mechanism for the base-catalyzed conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose and D-mannose has to be written.

Concept Introduction:

In the conversion of D-fructose to D-glucose the base is required as a catalyst. Therefore, such reactions are called base catalyzed reactions. The base first removes a proton from carbon position 1 and forms an enolate ion. The enolate ion is further protonated by the other proton. That proton comes from the top or from the bottom of the planar sp2-hybridized carbon.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 20.5, Problem 10P

Interpretation Introduction