Human Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780805382952
Author: Erin C. Amerman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 20, Problem 9CYR
Summary Introduction
To review:
The given blank spaces in the statement, “Injured tissue releases chemicals called _____ that mediate four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are ____, _______, ______, and ______.”
Introduction:
Tissue injuries can be caused because of various factors, such as strain, sprain, overuse, and one-off blow. These blows can also result in contusions. The early players in the case of tissue injuries are not immune cells, but fibroblasts, which activate
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Fill in the blanks: Injured tissue releases chemicals called __________ that mediate the four cardinal signs of inflammation, which are __________, __________, __________, and__________.
he classic signs of inflammation are that the tissue becomes hot, swollen, and painful, and the coloration of the overlying skin may change color slightly or significantly. Explain in detail the microscopic levels that occur that cause these macroscopic signs to appear (hot, swollen, painful, color change). How are these microscopic changes beneficial in terms of fighting infection? Are there any other microscopic events that are not immediately reflected in the macroscopic signs of inflammation?
Describe the cellular and vascular events of inflammation which lead to the four classic signs of inflammation. What role do cytokines play in acute inflammation? Please provide an example of a cytokine and its role in acute inflammation
Chapter 20 Solutions
Human Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 20.1 - What are the main functions of the lymphatic...Ch. 20.1 - 2. How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood...Ch. 20.1 - What is the pathway of lymph flow from the right...Ch. 20.1 - 4. What main cell types are located in lymphoid...Ch. 20.1 - List the main functions of MALT, lymph nodes, the...Ch. 20.2 - 1. How do innate immunity and adaptive immunity...Ch. 20.2 - 2. What are the three lines of defense?
Ch. 20.2 - What are the bodys main surface barriers, and how...Ch. 20.2 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.2 - How are the immune system and lymphatic system...
Ch. 20.3 - Match the following cell types with their correct...Ch. 20.3 - Which of the cells in question 1 do not directly...Ch. 20.3 - What is the complement system, and what are its...Ch. 20.3 - In what two ways is the complement system...Ch. 20.3 - 5. What are the main cytokines of innate...Ch. 20.3 - What are the four cardinal signs of inflammation?Ch. 20.3 - 7. What are inflammatory mediators, and what do...Ch. 20.3 - Explain the role of phagocytes in the inflammatory...Ch. 20.3 - What causes the elevated temperature and common...Ch. 20.3 - Prob. 10QCCh. 20.4 - 1. What are MHC molecules?
Ch. 20.4 - 2. How do class I and class II MHC molecules...Ch. 20.4 - How are T cells activated?Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.4 - What are the main functions of TC cells?Ch. 20.4 - Prob. 6QCCh. 20.4 - Prob. 7QCCh. 20.5 - 1. How is a B cell activated?
Ch. 20.5 - Prob. 2QCCh. 20.5 - What are the five classes of antibody, and how do...Ch. 20.5 - 4. List the five main functions of antibodies.
Ch. 20.5 - How do the primary and secondary immune responses...Ch. 20.5 - 6. What is the purpose of a vaccination, and what...Ch. 20.5 - 7. How do active immunity and passive immunity...Ch. 20.6 - How do innate immunity and adaptive immunity work...Ch. 20.6 - Walk through the basic steps of the immune...Ch. 20.6 - How does the immune system survey the body for...Ch. 20.6 - Walk through the steps of the immune response to...Ch. 20.6 - Prob. 5QCCh. 20.6 - 6. How do cancer cells escape the immune response...Ch. 20.7 - Define the four types of hypersensitivity...Ch. 20.7 - Explain how type IV hypersensitivity differs from...Ch. 20.7 - How do primary and secondary immunodeficiency...Ch. 20.7 - Prob. 4QCCh. 20.7 - What is an autoimmune disorder? What produces the...Ch. 20.7 - 6. What are the potential causes of autoimmune...Ch. 20 - 1. Which of the following is not a function of the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: The lymphoid organ that...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: Nonspecific immunity is also...Ch. 20 -
5. Which of the following make up the body’s...Ch. 20 - Which of the following does not describe the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Which of the following functions is/are performed...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9CYRCh. 20 - 10. When naïve B cells are activated, they...Ch. 20 - 11. Match the following antibodies with the...Ch. 20 - Mark the following statements as true or false. If...Ch. 20 - Prob. 13CYRCh. 20 - On which type(s) of cells are class I MHC...Ch. 20 - Fill in the blanks: Class I MHC molecules display...Ch. 20 - 16. Which of the following is not a role of TH...Ch. 20 - 17. Mark the following statements as true or...Ch. 20 - 18. Type I hypersensitivity is due to release of...Ch. 20 - Prob. 19CYRCh. 20 - Prob. 20CYRCh. 20 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 20 - Complement proteins are crucial for stimulating...Ch. 20 - 3. Terrence has severe asthma and allergies, and...Ch. 20 - Your friend tests her snake-wrangling skills on an...Ch. 20 - 2. Carla presents to her physician with a...Ch. 20 - 3. Mr. White has been diagnosed with febrile...Ch. 20 - Mr. White developed neutropenia as a consequence...Ch. 20 - 5. The chemotherapeutic drugs Mr. White is taking...
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- The cardinal signs of inflammation includes all these except: decreased temperature of the issues in the region pain increased temperature of the tissues in the region swellingarrow_forwardInflammation takes part in different diseases. Give a diagram or picture or figure of thatarrow_forwardThe primary cells responsible for phagocytosis during the inflammatory processare called: ____ .Note: answer is one word, and it is not phagocyte.arrow_forward
- The inflammatory lesion which is described as blister with clear fluid inside is called a(n) ___.arrow_forwarddraw the events in the local inflammation process. hint: starts with margination-->extravasionarrow_forwardExplain how inflammation takes part in different diseases. Briefly explain this at your own wordsarrow_forward
- In local inflammation, the vasodilation of blood vessels in the area of infection is the result of the release of _____. Group of answer choices tumor necrosis factor histamine leukotrienes prostaglandin E2arrow_forwardName and describe a laboratory test which detects inflammation in the body (no abbreviations please). Is this test diagnostic? Very briefly explain your answerarrow_forwardDescribe the inflammatory process that occurs and include that role that neutrophils and monocytes will play at the site of injury in a cut hand.arrow_forward
- What vascular changes lead to the development of the signs and symptoms of inflammation?arrow_forwardIn the disease mononucleosis (“mono”), the spleen enlarges because of increased numbers of phagocytes and other cells. Common signs and symptoms of this disease include pale complexion, a tired feeling, and a lack of energy sometimes to the point of not being able to get out of bed. What might cause these signs and symptoms? (Please include your citation, if there is. Thanks!)arrow_forwardRelease of inflammatory cytokines and other molecules causes increased vascular permeability. Which of the five hallmarks of inflammation does this cause? Redness Pus Swelling Pain О Нeatarrow_forward
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