Chapter 20, Problem 51PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The target molecules should be drawn and identified for the given staring molecule by using its structure.

Concept introduction:

Wittig reaction: This type of process olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde $\left(\text{-CHO}\right)$ or ketone $\left(\text{-C=O}\right)$ with triphenyl phosphonium ylide to give a cis and trans alkene and eliminated triphenylphosphine oxide.

Nucleophilic reaction: Electron rich nucleophiles attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom and replace a leaving group is called Nucleophilic Substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: An elimination reaction is removal of two substituents in a molecule and forms alkene. An elimination reaction is one or two-step process which based on the mechanism when two substituents removed from the molecule in single step is called E1 reaction. When two substituents are removed from the molecule in two steps is called E2 reaction.

Stereoisomerism: The cis-trans isomers are stereoisomers that are pairs of molecules which have the same molecular formula, but presence of those functional groups are rotated into a different orientation in there-dimensional space. The difference between the two is that the cis-isomers are a planer molecule whereas trans isomer is non-planer molecule.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The target molecules should be drawn and identified for the given staring molecule by using its structure.

Concept introduction:

Wittig reaction: This type of process olefination is a chemical reaction of an aldehyde $\left(\text{-CHO}\right)$ or ketone $\left(\text{-C=O}\right)$ with triphenyl phosphonium ylide to give a cis and trans alkene and eliminated triphenylphosphine oxide.

Nucleophilic reaction: Electron rich nucleophiles attacks the positive or partially positive charge of an atom and replace a leaving group is called Nucleophilic Substitution reaction.

Elimination reaction: An elimination reaction is removal of two substituents in a molecule and forms alkene. An elimination reaction is one or two-step process which based on the mechanism when two substituents removed from the molecule in single step is called E1 reaction. When two substituents are removed from the molecule in two steps is called E2 reaction.

Stereoisomerism: The cis-trans isomers are stereoisomers that are pairs of molecules which have the same molecular formula, but presence of those functional groups are rotated into a different orientation in there-dimensional space. The difference between the two is that the cis-isomers are a planer molecule whereas trans isomer is non-planer molecule.

To identify: The given synthetic route to accomplish the target molecule transformation.