(a)
Interpretation:
The approximate concentration of A remaining after 110 sec for zero order reaction is to be determined.
Set I | Set II | Set III | |||
Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M |
0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 |
25 | 0.78 | 25 | 0.75 | 25 | 0.80 |
50 | 0.61 | 50 | 0.50 | 50 | 0.67 |
75 | 0.47 | 75 | 0.25 | 75 | 0.57 |
100 | 0.37 | 100 | 0.00 | 100 | 0.50 |
150 | 0.22 | 150 | 0.40 | ||
200 | 0.14 | 200 | 0.33 | ||
250 | 0.08 | 250 | 0.29 |
Concept introduction:
- Zero-order reaction- for this,
rate of reaction is independent of the concentration.
And the graph of zero order reaction is-
Integral rate law for zero order reaction is −
(b)
Interpretation:
The approximate concentration of A remaining after 110 sec for first order reaction is to be determined.
Set I | Set II | Set III | |||
Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M |
0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 |
25 | 0.78 | 25 | 0.75 | 25 | 0.80 |
50 | 0.61 | 50 | 0.50 | 50 | 0.67 |
75 | 0.47 | 75 | 0.25 | 75 | 0.57 |
100 | 0.37 | 100 | 0.00 | 100 | 0.50 |
150 | 0.22 | 150 | 0.40 | ||
200 | 0.14 | 200 | 0.33 | ||
250 | 0.08 | 250 | 0.29 |
Concept introduction:
- The first order reaction is the one in which the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of one of the reactant.
And half-life is
Integral rate law for first order reaction is −
And
(c)
Interpretation:
The approximate concentration of A remaining after 110 sec for second order reaction is to be determined.
Set I | Set II | Set III | |||
Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M | Time, s | [A], M |
0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 | 0 | 1.00 |
25 | 0.78 | 25 | 0.75 | 25 | 0.80 |
50 | 0.61 | 50 | 0.50 | 50 | 0.67 |
75 | 0.47 | 75 | 0.25 | 75 | 0.57 |
100 | 0.37 | 100 | 0.00 | 100 | 0.50 |
150 | 0.22 | 150 | 0.40 | ||
200 | 0.14 | 200 | 0.33 | ||
250 | 0.08 | 250 | 0.29 |
Concept introduction:
- The second order reaction is the one in which the rate is directly proportional to the square of the concentration of one of the reactant.
Integral rate law for second order reaction is −
And the graph of second order reaction is-
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 20 Solutions
General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (11th Edition)
- Consider the first-order decomposition reaction A+BCwhere A (circles) decomposes to B (triangles) and C (squares). Given the following boxes representing the reaction at t=2 minutes, fill in the boxes with products at the indicated time. Estimate the half-life of the reaction.arrow_forwardThe first-order rate constant for the decomposition of a certain hormone in water at 25C is 3.42104day1. (a) If a 0.0200 M solution of the hormone is stored at 25C for two months, what will its concentration be at the end of that period? (b) How long will it take for the concentration of the solution to drop from 0.0200 M to 0.00350 M? (c) What is the half-life of the hormone?arrow_forward11.48 The following data were collected for the decomposition of NT),-: Time, f (min) [N2Os] (mol L-1) 0 0.200 5 0.171 10 0.146 15 0.125 20 0.106 25 0.0909 30 0.0777 35 0.0664 40 0.0570 Use appropriate graphs to determine the rate constant for this reaction. Find the half-life of the reaction.arrow_forward
- The uncoiling of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a first-order reaction. Its activation energy is 420 kJ. At 37C, the rate constant is 4.90104min1 (a) What is the half-life of the uncoiling at 37C (normal body temperature)? (b) What is the half-life of the uncoiling if the organism has a temperature of 40C(104F)? (c) By what factor does the rate of uncoiling increase (per C) over this temperature interval?arrow_forwardThe hydrolysis of the sugar sucrose to the sugars glucose and fructose, C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6+C6H12O6 follows a first-order rate equation for the disappearance of sucrose: Rate =k[C12H22O11] (The products of the reaction, glucose and fructose, have the same molecular formulas but differ in the arrangement of the atoms in their molecules.) (a) In neutral solution, k=2.11011s1 at 27 C and 8.51011s1 at 37 C. Determine the activation energy, the frequency factor, and the rate constant for this equation at 47 C (assuming the kinetics remain consistent with the Arrhenius equation at this temperature). (b) When a solution of sucrose with an initial concentration of 0.150 M reaches equilibrium, the concentration of sucrose is 1.65107M . How long will it take the solution to reach equilibrium at 27 C in the absence of a catalyst? Because the concentration of sucrose at equilibrium is so low, assume that the reaction is irreversible. (c) Why does assuming that the reaction is irreversible simplify the calculation in pan (b)?arrow_forwardThe hypothetical reaction X(g)+12Y(g)productsis first-order in X and second-order in Y. The rate of the reaction is 0.00389 mol/L min when [X] is 0.150 M and [Y] is 0.0800 M. (a) What is the value for k? (b) At what concentration of [Y] is the rate 0.00948 mol/L min and [X] is 0.0441 M? (c) At what concentration of [X] is the rate 0.0124 mol/L min and [ Y ]=2[ X ]?arrow_forward
- The reaction ICl(g)+12 H2(g)12 I2(g)+HCl(g)is first-order in both reactants. At a certain temperature, the rate of the reaction is 2.86105mol/Ls when [ ICl ]=0.0500M and [ H2 ]=0.0150M. (a) What is the value of k at that temperature? (b) At what concentration of hydrogen is the rate 2.66104mol/Ls and [ ICl ]=0.100M? (c) What is [ ICl ] when the rate is 0.0715mol/Ls and H2=3[ ICl ]?arrow_forwardConsider a set of first-order consecutive reactions ABC. The rate constants are 8.4104s1 and 3.02105s1, respectively. Plot the concentrations of A, B, and C versus time, and determine the time necessary to produce the maximum amount of the intermediate product B.arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction in aqueous solution: 5Br(aq)+BrO3(aq)+6H+(aq)3Br2(aq)+3H2O(l) If the rate of disappearance of Br(aq) at a particular moment during the reaction is 3.5104Ms1, what is the rate of appearance of 3Br2(aq) at that moment?arrow_forward
- a Write a rate law and an integrated rate law for a chemical reaction that follows third-order kinetics in one of the reactants. b What would you have to plot on a graph in order to get a straight line for a reaction that follows third-order kinetics?arrow_forwardThe reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. When malonate ions or oxalate ions are added to the reaction mixture, the rate decreases significantly. Try to account for this observation in terms of the description of enzyme catalysis given in the text. The structures of malonate and oxalate ions arearrow_forwardWhat is the difference between average rate, initial rate, and instantaneous rate?arrow_forward
- Physical ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781133958437Author:Ball, David W. (david Warren), BAER, TomasPublisher:Wadsworth Cengage Learning,Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co