Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 20, Problem 2VCQ
Figure 20.10 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first, hair or the amniotic egg?
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Figure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?
Answer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree.
What animal represents the out group in this tree and why?
What is the derived characteristic of the birds?
What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6?
Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?
On a deep sea expedition, you capture a previously undiscovered sea creature that appears to represent a new phyla. It happens to have fertilized eggs that you get to spawn. You watch its development to determine which group of animals it might belong to. You see that the mouth develops first, and it goes through several larval stages in which it molts and regrows its skeleton.
Which big phylogenetic group of animals does this animal likely belong to?
A. Ecdysozoa
B. Lophotrochozoa
C. Diploblasts
D. Deuterostomes
Chapter 20 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 20 - Figure 20.6 At what levels are cats and dogs...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.10 Which animals in this figure belong...Ch. 20 - Figure 20.11 What is the largest clade in this...Ch. 20 - What is used to determine phylogeny? mutations DNA...Ch. 20 - What do scientists in the field of systematics...Ch. 20 - Which statement about the taxonomic classification...Ch. 20 - On a phylogenetic tree, which term refers to...Ch. 20 - Which statement about analogies is correct? They...Ch. 20 - What do scientists use to apply cladistics?...Ch. 20 - What is true about organisms that are a part of...
Ch. 20 - Why do scientists apply the concept of maximum...Ch. 20 - The transfer of genes by a mechanism not involving...Ch. 20 - Particles that transfer genetic material from one...Ch. 20 - What does the trunk of the classic phylogenetic...Ch. 20 - Which phylogenetic model proposes that all three...Ch. 20 - How does a phylogenetic tree relate to the passing...Ch. 20 - Some organisms that appear very closely related on...Ch. 20 - List the different levels of the taxonomic...Ch. 20 - Dolphins and fish have similar body shapes. Is...Ch. 20 - Why is it so important for scientists to...Ch. 20 - Describe maximum parsimony.Ch. 20 - Compare three different ways that eukaryotic cells...Ch. 20 - Describe how aphids acquired the ability to change...
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- Figure 12.8 Which animals in this figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first: hair or the amniotic egg?arrow_forwardOn a deep sea expedition, you capture a previously undiscovered sea creature that appears to represent a new phyla. It happens to have fertilized eggs that you get to spawn. You watch its development to determine which group of animals it might belong to. You see that the mouth develops first, and it goes through several larval stages in which it molts and regrows its skeleton. What other traits is it likely to have based on this type of development Radial symmetry Coelem Central Nervous System Two germ layers present yes or no for eacharrow_forwardcreate a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different. there is a photo of example of cladogram belowarrow_forward
- Which of the following passages inaccurately describes the evolutionary process? Birds today are defined by the presence of feathers. Feathers have many uses to include thermoregulation, communication, sounds production, and of course, flight. Feathers seem to have evolved from reptilian scales, and likely originally evolved for the purpose of thermoregulation before flight. Mammals have three ossicles, or tiny bones, in their middle ear that aid the hearing: the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The stapes is the oldest of the three bones, having evolved from the pharyngeal arch II, called the hyoid arch. We know it's the oldest as it is found in tetrapods (the columella) and in some more recently evolved fish. The malleus and incus evolved from bones of their ancestral mammal-like reptiles' jaws, the articular and the quadrate bone respectively. Those bones moved into the middle ear as the single dentary bone of mammals evolved. The acacia species Acacia hindsii, which is native to…arrow_forwardPlease answer all questionsarrow_forward(6a) Please draw a phylogeny that shows relationships between the following groups: Haikouicthys Ostracoderms Chimaeras Hagfishes Lancelets Lampreys Placoderms Tunicates Sharks Bony Fishes (6b) Onto this phylogeny, please place the following traits. You may have a trait evolve more than once or be lost in some groups after evolving, but the final trait placements should correctly reflect which groups are known to have the trait in question Jaws Buccopharyngeal pumping Internal fertilization Mineralized tissue Pelvic claspers in males Hyostylic jaw articulation Lateral line system Cartilaginous endoskeleton Hox Gene Duplication Two nostrils (6c) For three of these traits, please explain how you arrived at this placement.arrow_forward
- How is it that most, if not all, of the extant animal phyla today evolved during the Cambrian period if so many massive extinction events have taken place since then?arrow_forwardPakicetus is an ancient wolf-like organism that lived 50 million year ago. It had wolf-like ears and nostrils on the front of its skull. Modern whales have a similar ear structure, but their nostrils are on the back of their skull. Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, had the same ear structure as both Pakicetus and modern whales, but nostrils in the middle of its skull. According to this information, the most likely conclusion that biologists could draw about the relationship of Aetiocetus to the other organisms is that Aetiocetus...arrow_forwardWhich group of mammals have live birth but lack a placenta? Group of answer choices Metatheria Eutheria Prototheria Primatesarrow_forward
- Flight evolved two times among the animals in this phylogenetic tree; once in birds, and once in bats (mammals). The branches on which flight evolved are marked. Please click where flight would have most likely evolved if it were actually a homologous character Targets placed: 0/1 You can place up to 1 targets Flight Undo Flight Delete selected Hagfish Lampreys Lobe-finned Fish Amphibians Turtles Lizards Snakes Crocodiles Birds Mammals Remove Allarrow_forwardHow might we know what the common ancestor of frogs and humans may have been? Where could we look for information?arrow_forwardA biologist is trying to infer how five closely related species of snakes are related to one another. She notices that some of the snakes have forked tongues and others do not. Which of the following would help her distinguish the ancestral state? Group of answer choices She looks at a representative mammal species to see if it has a forked tongue. She locates a specimen of a more closely related snake to see if it has forked tongue. She looks among snakes fossils for evidence that being forked is a characteristic of the ancestor of this group, but determines no such fossil exist. She flips a coin.arrow_forward
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