Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781119329398
Author: Gerard J Tortora, Bryan Derrickson
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc
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Chapter 20, Problem 23CP
Summary Introduction
To review:
The way, in which the heart rate is adjusted by the sympathetic and the parasympathetic division of the autonomous nervous system (ANS).
Introduction:
The task of adjusting the heart rate is assigned to the ANS of the peripheral nervous system. The cardiovascular centers are located in the medulla oblongata below the brainstem. The ANS has three branches, namely, enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic along with the parasympathetic divisions are primarily responsible for adjusting the heart rate.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 20 Solutions
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Ch. 20 - l. Define each of the following external features...Ch. 20 - 2. Describe the structure of the pericardium and...Ch. 20 - 3. What are the characteristic internal features...Ch. 20 - Prob. 4CPCh. 20 - 5. What is the relationship between wall thickness...Ch. 20 - Prob. 6CPCh. 20 - What causes the heart valves to open and to close?...Ch. 20 - In correct sequence, which heart chambers, heart...Ch. 20 - Prob. 9CPCh. 20 - Prob. 10CP
Ch. 20 - 11. In what ways are autorhythmic fibers similar...Ch. 20 - What happens during each of the three phases of an...Ch. 20 - 13. In what ways are ECGs helpful in diagnosing...Ch. 20 - How does each ECG wave, interval, and segment...Ch. 20 - 15. Why must left ventricular pressure be greater...Ch. 20 - Prob. 16CPCh. 20 - During which two periods of the cardiac cycle do...Ch. 20 - Prob. 18CPCh. 20 - Prob. 19CPCh. 20 - Prob. 20CPCh. 20 - Prob. 21CPCh. 20 - Define cardiac reserve. How does it change with...Ch. 20 - Prob. 23CPCh. 20 - 24. What are some of the cardiovascular benefits...Ch. 20 - Prob. 25CPCh. 20 - Prob. 26CPCh. 20 - Why is the cardiovascular system one of the first...Ch. 20 - From which tissue does the heart develop?Ch. 20 - Gerald recently visited the dentist. During the...Ch. 20 - 2. Unathletic Sylvia resolves to begin an exercise...Ch. 20 - 3. Mr. Perkins is a large, 62-year-old man with a...
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