(a)
Interpretation:
For the fuel cell reaction the enthalpy
Concept introduction:
Entropy change: The sign of
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
Entropy is the measure of randomness in the system. Standard entropy change in a reaction is the difference in entropy of the products and reactants.
Where,
Entropy changes: it is used to describe the disorder. It is the amount of arrangements possible in a system at a particular state.
If the disorder increases in a system, then
If the disorder decreases in a system, then
If the disorder equal in a system, then
Enthalpy is the amount energy absorbed or released in a process.
The enthalpy change in a system
Where,
(b)
Interpretation:
For the given fuel cell reaction does the spontaneity of this reaction dependent on temperature
Concept introduction:
In
In non-spontaneous process, there is a requirement of external energy source. The free energy of the system increases. The entropy decreases in non-spontaneous process.
Entropy change: The sign of
- When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
- When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
- Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.
Entropy
If the disorder increases in a system, then
If the disorder decreases in a system, then
If the disorder equal in a system, then
(c)
Interpretation:
For the given reaction the temperature at which it become spontaneous has to be determined.
Concept introduction:
In thermodynamics a process is spontaneous if it is taking place by itself without the help of external energy. All spontaneous process will have highly energetic initial state than the final state. This indicates that while the process occurs, there is a decrease in free energy of the system. The increase in randomness also favors the spontaneity of a process.
In non-spontaneous process, there is a requirement of external energy source. The free energy of the system increases. The entropy decreases in non-spontaneous process.
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Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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