(a)
Interpretation: The mixture at equilibrium needs to be estimated for K equal to 2.0.
Concept Introduction: For any reaction, the reaction quotient can be calculated by taking the ratio of the concentration of the product to the reactant. For a reaction at equilibrium, the reaction quotient is equal to the equilibrium constant.
(b)
Interpretation: The three mixtures need to be ranked from lowest to highest change in Gibbs free energy.
Concept Introduction: For a spontaneous reaction, the sign of change in Gibbs free energy is negative. If the value of Q is less than K, the reaction moves in the right direction to increase the concentration of the product. Also, if the value of Q is greater than K, the reaction moves in the left direction to increase the concentration of reactants.
(c)
Interpretation: The sign of change in Gibbs free energy of reaction needs to be identified if each non-equilibrium mixture approaches equilibrium.
Concept Introduction: Any reaction moving spontaneously will have a negative value for change in Gibbs free energy.
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Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
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