
(a)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of
Concept introduction:
Esterification occurs when a

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of
Explanation of Solution
When butyric acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of
Figure 1
When butyric acid reacts with ethanol in presence of
(b)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with aqueous
Concept introduction:
An acid-base reaction occurs through a transfer of proton from an acid to a base. The base gets protonated and the acid gets deprotonated. The reaction results in the formation of a conjugate acid and a conjugate base as the products. The type of products formed affects the direction of reaction at equilibrium.

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with aqueous
Explanation of Solution
When a carboxylic acid reacts with a base, the hydrogen atom is abstracted by the base and a salt of carboxylic acid is formed.
So, when butyric acid reacts with aqueous
Figure 2
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with aqueous
(c)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with
Concept introduction:
The substances which on addition removes oxygen atom or hydrogen atom from the other substance, that is, reduces the other substances are known as reducing agents. Reducing agents themselves get oxidized. Carboxylic acid is reduced when reacts with reducing agent,

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with
Explanation of Solution
Carboxylic acid is reduced when reacts with reducing agent,
When butyric acid reacts with excess of
Figure 3
When butyric acid reacts with excess of
(d)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid is heated is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids such as

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
When butyric acid is heated, no product is formed.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of butyric acid does not have any electron-withdrawing group like
Butyric acid on heating gives no reaction.
(e)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with
Concept introduction:
Carboxylic acids react with

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with
Explanation of Solution
When butyric acid reacts with
Figure 4
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with
(f)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with diazomethane in ether is to be stated.
Concept introduction:
Esterification occurs when carboxylic acid reacts with diazomethane in ether. Esters end with a suffix,

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with diazomethane in ether is shown below.
Explanation of Solution
Esterification occurs when butyric acid reacts with diazomethane in ether and methyl butyrate is formed as a product along with the release of nitrogen gas. The complete reaction is shown below.
Figure 5
The product formed when butyric acid reacts with diazomethane in ether is methyl butyrate.
(g)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept introduction:
Acetal is formed when an alcohol in excess reacts with an aldehyde or ketone in acidic medium. The

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
When an alcohol reacts with an aldehyde in presence of an acid catalyst, a hemiacetal is formed as an intermediate which further reacts to produce acetal with the release of water. The acidic catalyst is used because the alcohol is a weak nucleophile. So on addition of an acid, the oxygen of aldehyde gets protonated and a carbocation is formed. The alcohol easily attacks the carbocation to form the germinal diether derivative of aldehyde, that is, an acetal. When
Figure 6
When
(h)
Interpretation:
The product formed when butanoyl chloride reacts with benzene in
Concept introduction:
Friedel crafts acylation reaction is a reaction in which an

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when butanoyl chloride reacts with benzene in
Explanation of Solution
Benzene undergoes Friedel Crafts acylation reaction on reaction with butanoyl chloride in presence of
Figure 7
The product formed when butanoyl chloride reacts with benzene in
(i)
Interpretation:
The product formed when
Concept introduction:
Wolff Kishner Reduction is a reaction in which aldehydes and ketones are converted into

Answer to Problem 20.27AP
The product formed when
Explanation of Solution
Wolff Kishner reduction takes place when
Figure 8
The product formed when
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