An explanation regarding the differences in the first and second p K a values of the dicarboxylic acids which become smaller as lengths of their carbon chains increase is to be stated. Concept introduction: The acidity depends on the ease with which the acidic hydrogen is removed and the relative stability of the conjugate base that results after hydrogen is lost. The acidic nature is governed by the electronic nature of the substituent. Inductive effect is defined as the polarization that results when a shared pair of electrons is attracted by the more electronegative atom bonded in a single bond. It is of two types: + I effect and − I effect. • + I Effect: In this case, the shared pair of electrons is attracted by the electron withdrawing substituents. • − I Effect: In this case, electron donating substituents donate their shared pair of electrons.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 20, Problem 20.33AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An explanation regarding the differences in the first and second pKa values of the dicarboxylic acids which become smaller as lengths of their carbon chains increase is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The acidity depends on the ease with which the acidic hydrogen is removed and the relative stability of the conjugate base that results after hydrogen is lost. The acidic nature is governed by the electronic nature of the substituent.

Inductive effect is defined as the polarization that results when a shared pair of electrons is attracted by the more electronegative atom bonded in a single bond. It is of two types: + I effect and −I effect.

• + I Effect: In this case, the shared pair of electrons is attracted by the electron withdrawing substituents.

• −I Effect: In this case, electron donating substituents donate their shared pair of electrons.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

The Concept of Aromaticity 21.15 State the number of 2p orbital electrons in each molecule or ion. (a) (b) (e) (f) (c) (d) (h) (i) DA (k) 21.16 Which of the molecules and ions given in Problem 21.15 are aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? Which, if planar, would be antiaromatic? 21.17 Which of the following structures are considered aromatic according to the Hückel criteria? ---0-0 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (h) H -H .8.0- 21.18 Which of the molecules and ions from Problem 21.17 have electrons donated by a heteroatom?

1. Show the steps necessary to make 2-methyl-4-nonene using a Wittig reaction. Start with triphenylphosphine and an alkyl halide. After that you may use any other organic or inorganic reagents. 2. Write in the product of this reaction: CH3 CH₂ (C6H5)₂CuLi H₂O+

3. Name this compound properly, including stereochemistry. H₂C H3C CH3 OH 4. Show the step(s) necessary to transform the compound on the left into the acid on the right. Bri CH2 5. Write in the product of this LiAlH4 Br H₂C OH