Microbiology: An Introduction
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780321929150
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 9R
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Lipids are classified into three groups, namely simple lipids (comprised of fats and waxes), compound lipids (phospholipids and glycolipids), and derived lipids (fatty acids, glycerol, and sterols, with cholestrol, bile acids and vitamin D).
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Explain how the lipid bilayer modulate the activity
of proteins. Give 2 examples.
Draw a sketch of a lipid bilayer, the structure that forms when a lipid such as phosphatidyl serine is dissolved in water.
A phospholipid can be used to do all the following except
O Increase the fluidity with the presence of unsaturated fatty acid tails.
create a bi-layer membrane using amphipathic properties.
form a micelle using a single layer and a hydrophobic core.
O connect to a glycerol molecule to create a triacylglyceride.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction
Ch. 2 - What is a chemical element?Ch. 2 - DRAW IT Diagram the electronic configuration of a...Ch. 2 - What type of bond holds the following atoms...Ch. 2 - Classify the following types of chemical...Ch. 2 - Bacteria use the enzyme urease to obtain nitrogen...Ch. 2 - Classify the following as subunits of either a...Ch. 2 - DRAW IT The artificial sweetener aspartame, or...Ch. 2 - DRAW IT The following diagram shows the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 9RCh. 2 - Prob. 10R
Ch. 2 - Assume E. coli bacteria are grown in a nutrient...Ch. 2 - If Pseudomonas bacteria are supplied with...Ch. 2 - If E. coli were grown in a medium containing the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 2 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 2 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 2 - The dissociation products of the molecules are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 2 - The dissociation products of the molecules are...Ch. 2 - Prob. 10MCQCh. 2 - When you blow bubbles into a glass of water, the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 2ACh. 2 - Prob. 3ACh. 2 - Prob. 4ACh. 2 - Prob. 1CAECh. 2 - Prob. 2CAECh. 2 - Newborn babies are tested for phenylketonuria...Ch. 2 - The antibiotic amphotericin B causes leaks in...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5CAE
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- The image shows a lipid bilayer, with the polar heads represented by circles and the hydrophobic tails represented by lines. Arrange the fatty acids in the lipid bilayer to indicate a structure that, when incorporated into a phospholipid, would result in a more fluid membrane with a lower melting point. Be sure to insert the fatty acids into the bilayer in the correct orientation. Not all the fatty acids will be used. Answer Bankarrow_forwarddescribe how phospholipids and proteins interact in a lipid bilayerarrow_forwardIn a lipid bilayer, the of all the lipid molecules are sandwiched between all of the __________. a. hydrophilic tails; hydrophobic heads b. hydrophilic heads; hydrophilic tails c. hydrophobic tails; hydrophilic heads d. hydrophobic heads; hydrophilic tailsarrow_forward
- Match the letters on the diagram below to the correct terms. 1. Glycoprotein E 2. Hydrophilic portion of a phospholipid 3. Glycolipid B 4. Hydrophobic portion of a phospholipid G 5. Peripheral membrane protein F 6. Hydrophobic portion of a transmembrane protein 7. Hydrophilic portion of a transmembrane protein Aarrow_forwardThe following figure shows a typical phospholipid. Suppose this molecule was incorporated into a cell membrane. Which letter indicates the portion of the molecule that would be exposed to the aqueous environment? CH₂ I H₂C-N¹-CH₂ CH₂ A H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ CH₂O HO CH ₂ H₂C H₂C CH₂ OH HO O–CH, H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ HC CH₂ CH₂ CH-O CH-OH H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ H₂C/ H₂C H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H₂C/arrow_forwardH "H H H HO Choose all of the following are true of the given structure? (Choose all of the correct answers)arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of cholesterol and show the parts of the molecule that orients towards the inside and outside of the plasma membrane.arrow_forwardWhich of the following descriptions is the best for a phospholipid? A polar lipid molecule that fully repels water through all its parts A lipid molecule that consists of two fatty acids, glycerol and a phosphate group and is amphipathic A polar lipid molecule that is made nonpolar by the addition of a phosphate group O A polar lipid molecule that fully interacts with water O A nonpolar lipid molecule that is made fully polar by the addition of a phosphate group so it can interact with waterarrow_forwardWhich biomolecule is correctly characteristed? A Lecithin phosphorylated glyceride found in cell membrane B Palmitic acid unsaturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms C Adenylic acid adenosine with glucose phosphate molecule D Alanine amino acid contains an amino acid and an acidic group anywhere in the molecule.arrow_forward
- Draw the basic structure of a lipid bilayer and label thehydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Why is the cytoplasmicmembrane a good permeability barrier?arrow_forwardCompare the hydrophobic forces that hold a membrane protein in the lipid bilayer with those that help proteins fold into a unique three-dimensional structure.arrow_forwardThe diagram below illustrates the molecular structure of the cell membrane. The phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane A B polar group с phosphate glycerol Which of the following is false about the way in which the cell membrane maintains its structure? D water water The different components of an individual phospholipid are held by covalent bonds. The attraction between the individual lipid tails inside the cell membrane is maintained by van der Waals forces. The attraction between the phosphate groups and the water molecules inside and out. side of the cell is maintained by hydrogen bonds. The bonds between the individual phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are connected by covalent bonds.arrow_forward
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