The characteristics of C that make it less safe than Pascal:

C was insecure compared to Pascal due its lack of complete type checking and management of pointers.

Pascal has a better ability to detect type-related errors at compile time, whereas C allows more flexible handling of mixed data-types when required.

A language is strongly typed if:

(1) Every object in the language belongs to exactly one type.

(2) Type conversion occurs by converting a value from one type to another.

Conversion does not occur by viewing the representation of a value as a different type.

Although C is a typed language, it is not strongly typed whereas Pascal comes close to a strongly typed language.

For example in C, functions can be written and parameters types were not all checked until C version C99...

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Chapter 2 Solutions

Concepts of Programming Languages (11th Edition)

Ch. 2 - In what year was Plankalkl designed? In what year...Ch. 2 - What two common data structures were included in...Ch. 2 - How were the pseudocodes of the early 1950s...Ch. 2 - Speedcoding was invented to overcome two...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 6RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 7RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 8RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 9RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 10RQ

Ch. 2 - Prob. 11RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 12RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 13RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 14RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 15RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 16RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 17RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 18RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 19RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 20RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 21RQ Ch. 2 - On what programming language was COBOL based?Ch. 2 - In what year did the COBOL design process begin?Ch. 2 - What data structure that appeared in COBOL...Ch. 2 - What organization was most responsible for the...Ch. 2 - Prob. 26RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 27RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 28RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 29RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 30RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 31RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 32RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 33RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 34RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 35RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 36RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 37RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 38RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 39RQ Ch. 2 - What Ada construct provides support for abstract...Ch. 2 - What populates the Smalltalk world?Ch. 2 - Prob. 42RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 43RQ Ch. 2 - From what language does Objective-C borrow its...Ch. 2 - Prob. 45RQ Ch. 2 - What do the Ada and COBOL languages have in...Ch. 2 - What was the first application for Java?Ch. 2 - Prob. 48RQ Ch. 2 - How does the typing system of PHP and JavaScript...Ch. 2 - Prob. 50RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 51RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 52RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 53RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 54RQ Ch. 2 - What data structure does Python use in place of...Ch. 2 - Prob. 56RQ Ch. 2 - What characteristic of Rubys arithmetic operators...Ch. 2 - Prob. 58RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 59RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 60RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 61RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 62RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 63RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 64RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 65RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 66RQ Ch. 2 - Prob. 1PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 2PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 3PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 4PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 5PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 6PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 7PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 8PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 9PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 10PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 11PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 12PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 13PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 14PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 15PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 16PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 17PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 18PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 19PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 20PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 21PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 22PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 23PS Ch. 2 - Prob. 24PS

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