EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
7th Edition
ISBN: 8220100793431
Author: KALPAKJIAN
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 2, Problem 32QLP
Explain why the difference between engineering strain and true strain becomes larger as strain increases. Does this difference occur for both tensile and compressive strains? Explain.
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Explain the difference between engineering strain (or stress) and true strain (or stress).
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Chapter 2 Solutions
EBK MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING & TECHNOL
Ch. 2 - Distinguish between engineering stress and true...Ch. 2 - In a stress-strain curve, what is the proportional...Ch. 2 - Describe the events that take place when a...Ch. 2 - What is ductility, and how is it measured?Ch. 2 - In the equation =Kn, which represents the true...Ch. 2 - What is strain-rate sensitivity, and how is it...Ch. 2 - What test can measure the properties of a material...Ch. 2 - What testing procedures can be used to measure the...Ch. 2 - Describe the differences between brittle and...Ch. 2 - What is hardness? Explain.
Ch. 2 - Describe the features of a Rockwell hardness test.Ch. 2 - What is a Leeb test? How is it different from a...Ch. 2 - Differentiate between stress relaxation and creep.Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between elastic and...Ch. 2 - Explain what uniform elongation means in tension...Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between deformation rate...Ch. 2 - Describe the difficulties involved in conducting a...Ch. 2 - What is Hookes law? Youngs modulus? Poissons...Ch. 2 - Describe the difference between transgranular and...Ch. 2 - What is the reason that yield strength is...Ch. 2 - Why does the fatigue strength of a specimen or...Ch. 2 - If striations are observed under microscopic...Ch. 2 - What is an Izod test? Why are Izod tests useful?Ch. 2 - Why does temperature increase during plastic...Ch. 2 - What is residual stress? How can residual stresses...Ch. 2 - On the same scale for stress, the tensile true...Ch. 2 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 2 - Can a material have a negative Poissons ratio?...Ch. 2 - It has been stated that the higher the value of m,...Ch. 2 - Explain why materials with high m values, such as...Ch. 2 - With a simple sketch, explain whether it is...Ch. 2 - Explain why the difference between engineering...Ch. 2 - Consider an elastomer, such as a rubber band. This...Ch. 2 - If a material (such as aluminum) does not have an...Ch. 2 - What role, if any, does friction play in a...Ch. 2 - Which hardness tests and scales would you use for...Ch. 2 - Consider the circumstance where a Vickers hardness...Ch. 2 - Which of the two tests, tension or compression,...Ch. 2 - List and explain briefly the conditions that...Ch. 2 - List the factors that you would consider in...Ch. 2 - On the basis of Fig. 2.5, can you calculate the...Ch. 2 - If a metal tension-test specimen is rapidly pulled...Ch. 2 - Comment on your observations regarding the...Ch. 2 - Will the disk test be applicable to a ductile...Ch. 2 - What hardness test is suitable for determining the...Ch. 2 - Wire rope consists of many wires that bend and...Ch. 2 - A statistical sampling of Rockwell C hardness...Ch. 2 - In a Brinell hardness test, the resulting...Ch. 2 - Some coatings are extremely thinsome as thin as a...Ch. 2 - Select an appropriate hardness test for each of...Ch. 2 - A paper clip is made of wire 0.5 mm in diameter....Ch. 2 - A 250-mm-long strip of metal is stretched in two...Ch. 2 - Identify the two materials in Fig. 2.5 that have...Ch. 2 - Plot the ultimate strength vs. stiffness for the...Ch. 2 - If you remove the layer of material ad from the...Ch. 2 - Prove that the true strain at necking equals the...Ch. 2 - Percent elongation is always defined in terms of...Ch. 2 - You are given the K and n values of two different...Ch. 2 - A cable is made of two strands of different...Ch. 2 - On the basis of the information given in Fig. 2.5,...Ch. 2 - In a disk test performed on a specimen 1.00 in. in...Ch. 2 - A piece of steel has a hardness of 300 HB....Ch. 2 - A metal has the following properties: UTS = 70,000...Ch. 2 - Using only Fig. 2.5, calculate the maximum load in...Ch. 2 - Estimate the modulus of resilience for a highly...Ch. 2 - A metal has a strength coefficient K = 100,000 psi...Ch. 2 - Plot the true stresstrue strain curves for the...Ch. 2 - The design specification for a metal requires a...Ch. 2 - Calculate the major and minor pyramid angles for a...Ch. 2 - If a material has a target hardness of 300 HB,...Ch. 2 - A Rockwell A test was conducted on a material and...Ch. 2 - For a cold-drawn 0.5% carbon steel, will a...Ch. 2 - A material is tested in tension. Over a 1-in. gage...Ch. 2 - A horizontal rigid bar cc is subjecting specimen a...Ch. 2 - List and explain the desirable mechanical...Ch. 2 - When making a hamburger, you may have observed the...Ch. 2 - An inexpensive claylike material called Silly...Ch. 2 - In tension testing of specimens, mechanical and...Ch. 2 - Demonstrate the impact toughness of a piece of...Ch. 2 - Using a large rubber band and a set of weights,...Ch. 2 - Find or prepare some solid circular pieces of...Ch. 2 - Take several rubber bands and pull them at...Ch. 2 - Devise a simple fixture for conducting the bend...Ch. 2 - By pressing a small ball bearing against the top...Ch. 2 - Describe your observations regarding Fig. 2.14c.Ch. 2 - Embed a small steel ball in a soft block of...Ch. 2 - Devise a simple experiment, and perform tests on...Ch. 2 - Obtain some solid and some tubular metal pieces,...Ch. 2 - Explain how you would obtain an estimate of the...Ch. 2 - Without using the words stress or strain, define...Ch. 2 - We know that it is relatively easy to subject a...
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- A material has a strength coefficient of 150,000 psi. At the onset of plastic deformation, the material had an 18 percent increase over its initial length, and at the beginning of non-uniform deformation, the material experienced an engineering strain of 0.58. Calculate the engineering and true strains at yield. Also, calculate the engineering and true strains at the point where a maximum engineering stress is experienced by the material. Determine the strain-hardening index. Calculate the ultimate tensile strength. Calculate the modulus of elasticity. Given: K = 150,000 psi 18% increase in length ey = 0.58 Want: ey =? eu =? n =? UTS =? E =? εy =? εu =?arrow_forward"The maximum principal stress yield criterion is an appropriate choice for ductile materials but the maximum principal strain criterion is preferable". Is this true or false?arrow_forwardDefine plane stress and plane strain, making clear which, if any, of the stresses are zero in each case.arrow_forward
- A ductile specimen that has an initial length of 10 cm is tested under uniaxial loading. If the test is under tension and the nominal strain is 21.9%, please calculate the true strain in %.arrow_forwardAn unknown specimen with an initial diameter of 5.25 mm experiences a reduction in diameter to 4.50 mm under a tensile load of 250 N. Calculate the engineering stress, engineering strain, true stress, and true strain at this load. Assume that the deformation is uniform throughout the entire sample, and that the volume of the sample remains constant when being pulled in tension.arrow_forwardIn True stress-true-strain curve in tension of solid metal cylinder 45 mm high and 8 mm in diameter, two pairs of values of stress and strain were given for the specimen metal after it had yielded (1) true stress = 217 MPa, and true strain = 0.35; and (2) true stress = 259 MPa, and true strain = 0.68. Based on these data points, determine the following: a) The average flow stress that the metal experiences if it is subjected to a stress that is equal to its strength coefficient K. b) The work done that the metal experiences if it is subjected to elongation in height of 45% c) If during the deformation the relative speed = 20 mm/s, determine the strain rate at h = 50 mm and h = 70 mm.arrow_forward
- A cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 21 mm, a tensile modulus of 122 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.37 is pulled in tension with force of 38704 N. If the deformation is totally elastic, what is the strain experienced by the specimen?arrow_forwardHow can the engineers transform the strains in order to obtain their values inother directions?arrow_forwardWrite out the most general expression for shear strain along a single axis resulting from all possible applied stresses, assuming that the material is elastically isotropic.arrow_forward
- 1. What are the elastic modulus (E) and the Poisson's ratio () used to indicate? 2. Illustrate the differences between actual stress and engineered stress with strain, and also describe their underlying physical concepts. 3. If the engineering strain is 2% for a specific state of uniaxial stress, what is the real strain? Please solve for all in full detail and step by steparrow_forwardA cylindrical specimen of brass that has a diameter of 15 mm, a tensile modulus of 120 GPa, and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.30 is pulled in tension with force of 50,000 N. If the deformation is totally elastic, what is the approximate strain experienced by the specimen?arrow_forwardA tensile test is performed on metal specimen and it found that a true plastic strain of 0.02 is produced when a true stress of 345 MPa is applied. How much will a specimen of this material elongate when a true stress of 415 MPa is applied if the original length is 500 mm. Assume that the value of 0.22 for strain hardening exponent.arrow_forward
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