Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134019192
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2TMW
Chlorine and potassium atoms form ionic bonds, carbon atoms form nonpolar covalent bonds with nitrogen atoms, and oxygen forms polar covalent bonds with phosphorus. Explain why these bonds are the types they are.
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The “octet rule” in chemistry helps predict the types of bonds thatatoms will form. In general, an atom will be most stable if it fills itsouter shell of 8 electrons. Atoms with fewer than 4 valence electronstend to donate electrons and those with more than 4 valence electronstend to accept additional electrons; those with exactly 4 can do both.Using this rule, determine what category each of the followingelements falls into: N, S, C, P, O, H, Ca, Fe, and Mg. (You will needto work out the valence of the atoms.)
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The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge.
Chapter 2 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Taxonomy (5th Edition)
Ch. 2 - Electrons zip around the nucleus at about 5...Ch. 2 - Chlorine and potassium atoms form ionic bonds,...Ch. 2 - Why are decomposition reactions exothermic, that...Ch. 2 - Why does the neutralization of an acid by a base...Ch. 2 - Prob. 5TMWCh. 2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 2 - Which of the following terms most correctly...
Ch. 2 - Prob. 6MCCh. 2 - Prob. 7MCCh. 2 - Prob. 8MCCh. 2 - Prob. 9MCCh. 2 - Prob. 10MCCh. 2 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 2FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 2 - Reactions that release energy are called...Ch. 2 - Prob. 8FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 9FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 10FIBCh. 2 - Prob. 1VICh. 2 - Prob. 2VICh. 2 - Prob. 1SACh. 2 - Prob. 2SACh. 2 - Prob. 3SACh. 2 - Prob. 4SACh. 2 - Prob. 5SACh. 2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 2 - Prob. 3CTCh. 2 - Prob. 4CTCh. 2 - Prob. 5CTCh. 2 - Prob. 6CTCh. 2 - Prob. 7CTCh. 2 - Prob. 8CTCh. 2 - Prob. 9CTCh. 2 - Prob. 10CTCh. 2 - Prob. 11CTCh. 2 - Prob. 12CTCh. 2 - Prob. 13CTCh. 2 - Prob. 14CTCh. 2 - A textbook states that only five nucleotide bases...Ch. 2 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...Ch. 2 - Prob. 1CCS
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- Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a covalent bond.arrow_forwardWhen hydrogen covalently bonds to carbon it creates a nonpolar bond. However, when hydrogen covalently bonds to oxygen it creates a polar bond. What is a polar covalent bond, and why does it occur between hydrogen and oxygen, but not hydrogen and carbon?arrow_forwardWhy are hydrogen bonds so important in biological systems, considering that they are so weak?arrow_forward
- List and define four types of chemical bonds.arrow_forwardList three main types of chemical bonds, and give an example of each.arrow_forwardDiscuss whether the following statement is correct: “An ionic bond can, in principle, be thought of as a very polar covalent bond. Polar covalent bonds, then, fall somewhere between ionic bonds at one end of the spectrum and nonpolar covalent bonds at the other end.”arrow_forward
- which of the bonds in the molecule below are polar. explain why.arrow_forwardIn an ammonia molecule, one nitrogen atom (atomic number = 7; 1s² 2s²2p³) forms covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms. Draw a diagram of an ammonia molecule. Show all valence electrons, lone pairs, molecular geometry, and partial charges (assume sp³ hybridization).arrow_forwardIdentify the number of covalent bonds typically formed by the carbon atom, and explain why this occurs.arrow_forward
- Explain this statement: “All compounds are molecules, but not allmolecules are compounds.” Give an example.arrow_forwardDraw a “dot & cross” diagram to show the shape of a water molecule (H2O). Bond angles need to be shown. State the shape of a water molecule.arrow_forwardWhen two atoms share a pair of valence electrons with different levels of electronegativity, what type of bond is this?arrow_forward
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