Chapter 2, Problem 2.98P

Platinum is a precious metal used in a wide variety of products. Besides being used in fine jewelry, platinum is the catalyst found in the catalytic converters of automobile exhaust systems, and platinum-containing drugs like cisplatin are used to treat some lung and ovarian cancers. Answer the following questions about the element platinum.
a. What is its element symbol?
b. What group number and period are assigned to platinum?
c. What is its atomic number?
d. Is platinum classified as a main group element, transition metal, or inner transition metal?
e. In what block does platinum reside?
f. What is unusual about the electronic configuration for platinum: $[Xe]J6s^{1}4f^{14}5d^9?$

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The element symbol of platinum should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

The elemental symbol of platinum is Pt.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

All elements in the periodic table are symbolized by certain element symbols. The element symbol of platinum is Pt.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The group number and period number for platinum should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

Platinum is placed in 6^th period and group 10.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

The periodic table can also divide on the basis of blocks as s, p, d and f-block elements. This classification is given on the basis of valence shell configuration of elements. The valence orbital of the element will determine the block of element. The number of valence electrons also determines the group number whereas the number of valence shell determines the period number. The electronic configuration of platinum is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ , hence it should be placed in 6^th period and group 10 as there are ${\text{5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ as valence shell with 10 electrons.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The atomic number for platinum element should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

The atomic number of platinum is 78.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

The periodic table can also divide on the basis of blocks as s, p, d and f-block elements. This classification is given on the basis of valence shell configuration of elements. The valence orbital of the element will determine the block of element. The atomic number of platinum is 78.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The platinum element should be classified as transition, inner transition or main group element.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

Platinum is a d-block element which is also called transition elements.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

The periodic table can also divide on the basis of blocks as s, p, d and f-block elements. This classification is given on the basis of valence shell configuration of elements. The valence orbital of the element will determine the block of element. The electronic configuration of Pt is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ , hence it should be a d-block element which are also called transition elements.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The block of platinum element in the periodic table should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

Platinum is a d-block element.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

The periodic table can also divide on the basis of blocks as s, p, d and f-block elements. This classification is given on the basis of valence shell configuration of elements. The valence orbital of the element will determine the block of element. The electronic configuration of Pt is $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ , hence it should be a d-block element which are also called transition elements.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The unusual way of electronic configuration of platinum element should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

An atom is composed of three main sub-atomic particles; electrons, neutrons and protons. The atomic number of the elements represents the number of protons or electrons in a neutral atom. All known elements are arranged in a tabular form in increasing order of their atomic number that is called the periodic table.

The distribution of electrons in an atom can be shown with the help of electronic configuration. The electronic configuration of an element represents the number of electrons in different energy levels of an element.

Answer to Problem 2.98P

Platinum is a d-block element with electronic configuration $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^9{\text{ 6s}}^1$ . According to the electronic filling in energy levels, it should be $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ but one electron is transferred from 6s to 5d to make more stable $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^9{\text{ 6s}}^1$ configuration through full filling or half filling.

Explanation of Solution

All the elements in the periodic table can be classified as metal, nonmetal and metalloid. In the periodic table, from group 1 to 12 are metals and nonmetals are placed from group 13 to 18. Metalloids are placed in between metals and nonmetals in the periodic table.

The periodic table can also divide on the basis of blocks as s, p, d and f-block elements. This classification is given on the basis of valence shell configuration of elements. Platinum is a d-block element with electronic configuration $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^9{\text{ 6s}}^1$ . According to the electronic filling in energy levels, it should be $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^{\text{8}}{\text{ 6s}}^{\text{2}}$ but one electron is transferred from 6s to 5d to make more stable $\left[\text{Xe}\right]{\text{ 4f}}^{\text{14}}{\text{ 5d}}^9{\text{ 6s}}^1$ configuration through full filling or half filling.