ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 1TERM
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781319399849
Author: ATKINS
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 2, Problem 2.59E
(a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Lewis structures represent covalent bonds and describe valence electrons configuration of atoms. The covalent bonds are depicted by lines and unshared electron pairs by pairs of dots. The sequence to write Lewis structure of some molecule is given as follows:
- The central atom is identified and various other atoms are arranged around it. This central atom so chosen is often the least electronegative.
- Total valence electrons are estimated for each atom.
- single bond is first placed between each atom pair.
- The electrons left can be allocated as unshared electron pairs or as multiple bonds around the
symbol of the element to satisfy the octet (or duplet) for each atom. - Add charge on the overall structure in case of polyatomic cation or anion.
(b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
(c)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Lewis structure of
Concept Introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Which of the following bonds are polar: (a) P—O; (b) S—F; (c) Br—Br; (d) O—Cl? Which is the more electronegative atom in each polar bond?
Acetylene 1C2H22 and nitrogen 1N22 both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) Byreferring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O51g2 and of acetylene to formCO21g2 and H2O1g2. (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O51g2 is 11.30 kJ>mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.
In addition to ammonia, nitrogen forms three other hy-drides: hydrazine (N₂H₄), diazene (N₂H₂), and tetrazene (N₄H₄).(a) Use Lewis structures to compare the strength, length, and or-der of nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in hydrazine, diazene, and N₂.(b) Tetrazene (atom sequence H₂NNNNH₂) decomposes above 0°C to hydrazine and nitrogen gas. Draw a Lewis structure fortetrazene, and calculate ΔH°ᵣₓₙ for this decomposition.
Chapter 2 Solutions
ACHIEVE/CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES ACCESS 1TERM
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.3ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.3BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.4ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.4BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2A.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.2E
Ch. 2 - Prob. 2A.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.21ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.22ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.23ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.24ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.25ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.26ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.27ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.28ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.29ECh. 2 - Prob. 2A.30ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.3ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.3BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.4ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.4BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.5ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.5BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2B.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.21ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.22ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.23ECh. 2 - Prob. 2B.24ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.3ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.3BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2C.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2C.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2D.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2D.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2D.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2D.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2D.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.3ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.3BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.4ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.4BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.5ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.5BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2E.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.21ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.22ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.23ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.24ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.25ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.26ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.27ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.28ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.29ECh. 2 - Prob. 2E.30ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.3ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.3BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.4ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.4BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2F.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2F.21ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.1ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2G.1BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2G.2ASTCh. 2 - Prob. 2G.2BSTCh. 2 - Prob. 2G.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.15ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.16ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.18ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.20ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.21ECh. 2 - Prob. 2G.22ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.1ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.2ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.3ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.4ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.5ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.6ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.7ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.8ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.9ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.10ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.11ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.12ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.13ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.14ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.17ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.19ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.22ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.23ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.24ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.25ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.26ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.27ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.28ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.29ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.30ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.31ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.32ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.33ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.34ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.35ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.36ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.37ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.39ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.40ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.41ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.42ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.43ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.44ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.45ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.46ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.47ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.48ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.49ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.50ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.51ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.52ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.53ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.54ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.55ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.56ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.57ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.58ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.59ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.60ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.61ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.62ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.63ECh. 2 - Prob. 2.64E
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) By referring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O5(g) and of acetylene to formCO2(g) and H2O(g). (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O5(g) is 11.30 kJ/mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.arrow_forwardWith reference to the “Chemistry Put to Work” box on explosives, (a) use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for the explosion of 1.00 g of nitroglycerin. (b) Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of TNT. Assume that, upon explosion, TNT decomposes into N2(g), CO2(g), H2O(g), and C(s).arrow_forwardIn addition to ammonia, nitrogen forms three other hydrides: hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (N2H2), and tetrazene (N4H4).(a) Use Lewis structures to compare the strength, length, and order of the nitrogen-nitrogen bonds in hydrazine, diazene, and N2.(b) Tetrazene (atom sequence H2NNNNH2) decomposes above 08C to hydrazine and nitrogen gas. Draw a Lewis structure for tetrazene, and calculate ΔH°rxn for this decomposition.arrow_forward
- Predict whether the bonds in the following compounds are ionic or covalent: (a) NaI (sodium iodide); (b) H 2O 2 (hydrogen peroxide).arrow_forwardFor each of the following covalent bonds: (a) use the symbols δ+ and δ- to indicate the direction of polarity (if any).(a) C-F; (b) N-Br; (c) B-C; (d) Si-H(b) Rank the following covalent bonds in order of increasing polarity. (i) C-H, O-H, N-H; (ii) C-N, C-O, B-O; (iii) C-P, C-S, C-Narrow_forwardChemical species are said to be isoelectronic if they have the same Lewis structure (regardless of charge). Consider these ions and write a Lewis structure for a neutral molecule that is isoelectronic with them. (a) CN–, (b) NH4+ (c) CO3 2–arrow_forward
- Draw the Lewis structure for (a) NO+ ion, (b) C2H4.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for the following: (c) C2F6 (contains a C¬C bond), (d) AsO3 3 -, (e) H2SO3 (H is bonded to O), (f) NH2Cl.. Arrange the bonds in each of the following sets in order of increasing polarity: (a) C¬F, O¬F, Be¬F; (b) O¬Cl, S¬Br, C¬P; (c) C¬S, B¬F, N¬O. What is the Lewis symbol for each of the following atoms or ions? (a) K, (b) As, (c) Sn2 + , (d) N3 Write electron configurations for the following ions and determine which have noble-gas configurations: (a) Cd2+, (b) P3-, (c) Zr4+arrow_forward(b) Methyl azide, CH-N3 is a molecule that decomposes explosively. Draw a Lewis structure for CH3N3, showing formal charges and also sketch any possible resonance forms.arrow_forward
- Calculate the enthalpy change for the following reactions using the bond enthalpy given below. (Bond enthalpy/kJ : H−H = 436, C−H = 413, C=O = 799, O=O = 495, O−H = 463) (a) H2(g) + 1⁄2O2(g) → H2O(g) (b) CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l)arrow_forwardPropylene, C3H6, is a gas that is used to form the importantpolymer called polypropylene. Its Lewis structure is (a) What is the total number of valence electrons in the propylenemolecule? (b) How many valence electrons are usedto make s bonds in the molecule? (c) How many valenceelectrons are used to make p bonds in the molecule? (d) Howmany valence electrons remain in nonbonding pairs in themolecule? (e) What is the hybridization at each carbon atomin the molecule?arrow_forwardMethyl isocyanate, CH3NCO, was made infamous in 1984when an accidental leakage of this compound from a storagetank in Bhopal, India, resulted in the deaths of about3800 people and severe and lasting injury to many thousandsmore. (a) Draw a Lewis structure for methyl isocyanate.(b) Draw a ball-and-stick model of the structure,including estimates of all the bond angles in the compound.(c) Predict all the bond distances in the molecule.(d) Do you predict that the molecule will have a dipolemoment? Explain.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: The Molecular Science
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285199047
Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. Stanitski
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY