A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst is to be proposed. Concept introduction: The acid catalyst protonates an aldehyde molecule. The nucleophilic attack of the second molecule of acetaldehyde first on the protonated acetaldehyde followed by the attack of third molecule of acetaldehyde will produce an oxonium ion that has a free hydroxyl group. The internal nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group followed by the loss of a proton will yield paraldehyde. To propose: A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Question

Concentration Trial1 Concentration of iodide solution (mA) 255.8 Concentration of thiosulfate solution (mM) 47.0 Concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution (mM) 110.1 Temperature of iodide solution ('C) 25.0 Volume of iodide solution (1) used (mL) 10.0 Volume of thiosulfate solution (5:03) used (mL) Volume of DI water used (mL) Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) used (mL) 1.0 2.5 7.5 Time (s) 16.9 Dark blue Observations Initial concentration of iodide in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of thiosulfate in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in reaction (mA) Initial Rate (mA's)

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 44MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The acid catalyst protonates an aldehyde molecule. The nucleophilic attack of the second molecule of acetaldehyde first on the protonated acetaldehyde followed by the attack of third molecule of acetaldehyde will produce an oxonium ion that has a free hydroxyl group. The internal nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group followed by the loss of a proton will yield paraldehyde.

To propose:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst.

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Concentration Trial1 Concentration of iodide solution (mA) 255.8 Concentration of thiosulfate solution (mM) 47.0 Concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution (mM) 110.1 Temperature of iodide solution ('C) 25.0 Volume of iodide solution (1) used (mL) 10.0 Volume of thiosulfate solution (5:03) used (mL) Volume of DI water used (mL) Volume of hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) used (mL) 1.0 2.5 7.5 Time (s) 16.9 Dark blue Observations Initial concentration of iodide in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of thiosulfate in reaction (mA) Initial concentration of hydrogen peroxide in reaction (mA) Initial Rate (mA's)

Draw the condensed or line-angle structure for an alkene with the formula C5H10. Note: Avoid selecting cis-/trans- isomers in this exercise. Draw two additional condensed or line-angle structures for alkenes with the formula C5H10. Record the name of the isomers in Data Table 1. Repeat steps for 2 cyclic isomers of C5H10

Explain why the following names of the structures are incorrect. CH2CH3 CH3-C=CH-CH2-CH3 a. 2-ethyl-2-pentene CH3 | CH3-CH-CH2-CH=CH2 b. 2-methyl-4-pentene

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 44MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The acid catalyst protonates an aldehyde molecule. The nucleophilic attack of the second molecule of acetaldehyde first on the protonated acetaldehyde followed by the attack of third molecule of acetaldehyde will produce an oxonium ion that has a free hydroxyl group. The internal nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group followed by the loss of a proton will yield paraldehyde.

To propose:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 44MP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst is to be proposed.

Concept introduction:

The acid catalyst protonates an aldehyde molecule. The nucleophilic attack of the second molecule of acetaldehyde first on the protonated acetaldehyde followed by the attack of third molecule of acetaldehyde will produce an oxonium ion that has a free hydroxyl group. The internal nucleophilic attack of the hydroxyl group followed by the loss of a proton will yield paraldehyde.

To propose:

A mechanism for the formation of paraldehyde when three equivalents of acetaldehyde react in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Check out sample textbook solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 44MP

Interpretation Introduction