a) Interpretation: The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided. Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result. To identify: The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Question

Let's see if you caught the essentials of the animation. What is the valence value of carbon? a) 4 b) 2 c) 8 d) 6

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

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Let's see if you caught the essentials of the animation. What is the valence value of carbon? a) 4 b) 2 c) 8 d) 6

A laser emits a line at 632.8 nm. If the cavity is 12 cm long, how many modes oscillate in the cavity? How long does it take for the radiation to travel the entire cavity? What is the frequency difference between 2 consecutive modes?(refractive index of the medium n = 1).

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.SE, Problem 32MP

Interpretation Introduction

a)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals. In the presence of acids the hemiacetal can react with another alcohol molecule to yield acetals. If the second alcoholic group is present in the same molecule, like in glycols and dihydric phenols, a cyclic acetal will result.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

d)

Interpretation:

The products formed in the reaction given are to be identified. The mechanism of the reaction also is to be provided.

Concept introduction:

α, β- Unsaturated ketones undergo conjugate (1,4-addition) addition reaction when treated with nucleophile to yield a saturated ketone as the product.

To identify:

The products formed in the reaction given and to provide the mechanism of the reaction.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 19.1 - Draw structures corresponding to the following...Ch. 19.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 19.2 - How would you carry out the following reactions?...Ch. 19.4 - Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with cyanide...Ch. 19.4 - p-Nitrobenzaldehyde is more reactive toward...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 19.5 - The oxygen in water is primarily (99.8) 16O, but...Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 19.8 - Show the products you would obtain by...

Solution Summary: The author explains how aldehydes and ketones react with alcohols in the presence of acids to yield hydroxyethers called hemiacetals.

Chapter 19 Solutions