Chapter 19.6, Problem 5P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Using the given reaction coordinate diagram for the sulfonation of benzene and for the desulfonation of benzensulfonic acid it should be explained that how can a faster step be a rate determining step.

Concept Introduction:

• Reaction coordinate diagram is an abstract one dimensional coordinate which represents progress along a reaction pathway.
• Reactant: These are the substances initially present in a chemical reaction. 
• Product: These are the substances produced from reactants after a successful reaction.
• Transition state: It is a hypothetical state that occurs in the space between the reactant and products in a chemical reaction.
• Rate constant (K) of a reaction at a given temperature is the rate of reaction when the concentration of each of the reactant unity.

  $\begin{array}{l}\text{Rate}\text{=}\text{K}\left[\text{Reactants}\right]\boxed{\begin{array}{l}\text{Larger}\text{the}\text{value}\text{of}\text{K,}\text{faster}\text{is}\text{the}\text{reaction}\\ \text{and}\text{vice}\text{versa}\end{array}}\\ \text{Rate}\text{=}\underset{\text{Rate}\text{constant}}{\text{K}}\boxed{DifferentreactionshavedifferentvalueofK}\end{array}$