EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
EBK ESSENTIAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3rd Edition
ISBN: 8220100659461
Author: Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19.4, Problem 2P

How many molecules of NADH are formed from the β-oxidation of one molecule of palmitic acid?

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Considering the important roles of biothiols in lysosomes of live organisms, and unique photophysical / photochemical properties of ruthenium(II) complexes, a novel ruthenium(II) complex, Ru-2, has been developed as a molecular probe for phosphorescence and time-gated luminescence assay of biothiols in human sera, live cells, and in vivo. Ru-2 is weakly luminescent due to the effective photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from Ru(II) luminophore to electron acceptor, 2,4-dinitrobenzene-sulfonyl (DNBS). In the presence of biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), cysteine (Cys), and homocysteine (Hcy), the emission of Ru-2 solution was switched ON, as a result of the cleavage of quencher to form the product, Ru-1. Ru-2 showed high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of biothiols under physiological conditions, with detection limits of 62 nM, 146 nM, and 115 nM for GSH, Cys, and Hcy, respectively. The emission lifetimes of Ru-1 and Ru-2 were measured to be 405 and 474 ns,…
In an effort to reduce costs and increase the accessibility of instruments that utilize spectrophotometric detection, some researchers are beginning to experiment with 3D-printed parts. One example of this is the 3D-printed flow cell, shown at right. This device was made using polylactic acid and accommodates a LED at one end and a detector at the other. It can be used for standalone flow injection spectrophotometry or coupled to a chromatographic separation to be used as a detector.  Explain why the sensitivity varies with the length of the flow cell, as shown in the data below. Could this setup be used for fluorescence analysis? Why or why not?
The dark lines in the solar spectrum were discovered by Wollaston and cataloged by Fraunhofer in the early days of the 19th century. Some years later, Kirchhoff explained the appearance of the dark lines:  the sun was acting as a continuum light source and metals in the ground state in its atmosphere were absorbing characteristic narrow regions of the spectrum. This discovery eventually spawned atomic absorption spectrometry, which became a routine technique for chemical analysis in the mid-20th century. Laboratory-based atomic absorption spectrometers differ from the original observation of the Fraunhofer lines because they have always employed a separate light source and atomizer. This article describes a novel atomic absorption device that employs a single source, the tungsten coil, as both the generator of continuum radiation and the atomizer of the analytes. A 25-μL aliquot of sample is placed on the tungsten filament removed from a commercially available 150-W light bulb. The…
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