The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated. Concept introduction: Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it. Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins. Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 C O 2 molecules. Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes. Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur. Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound. Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound. Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.9, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be calculated.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The number of ATP from conversion of glycerol to pyruvate including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Glycolysis: It is pathway which describes conversion of one molecule of glucose into 2

pyruvate molecules. It involves totally 10 set of reactions with it.

Protein catabolism: It is defined as breakdown of proteins into smaller units that is into amino acids gets transported finally polymerized to give new proteins.

Citric Acid Cycle: It involves 8 series reaction which converts acetyl group present in acetyl coenzyme A into 2 CO2 molecules.

Substrate: The molecule where the reaction takes place with help of enzymes.

Enzyme: The proteins that helps chemical reaction to occur.

Oxidation: The oxidation is reaction that involves addition of oxygen atom or loss of electrons or removal of hydrogen atom present in the chemical compound.

Reduction: It involves removal of oxygen or addition of hydrogen to the chemical compound.

Coenzyme: They are non-proteins molecules which helps enzymes for catalyzing the reaction.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 13

Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 1P Ch. 19.4 - How many molecules of NADH are formed from the...Ch. 19.4 - Why does the OH group add to the -carbon rather...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 4P Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 5P Ch. 19.5 - The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to...Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 7P Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 8P Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 9P Ch. 19.6 - Propose a mechanism for the reduction of...

Solution Summary: The author explains how the number of ATP from glycerol to pyruvate without including the stage 4 present in catabolism should be determined.

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