The strong acid has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Electronic effect: Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base. Effect of delocalized electrons on pK a Values: Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion. Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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