The strong acid has to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Electronic effect: Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base. Effect of delocalized electrons on pK a Values: Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion. Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

Answer 6

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

Answer 7

Chapter 19.16, Problem 23P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The strong acid has to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Electronic effect:

Electron donating groups decreases acidity by inductive effect (withdrawal of electrons through a sigma bond). Electron withdrawal increases acidity. Electron-donating substituents destabilize a base, and decrease the strength of its conjugate acid; electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increase the strength of its conjugate base.

Effect of delocalized electrons on pKaValues:

Due to Inductive effect, an anion is stabilized by a nearby electronegative atom. In the same way, electron delocalization also effective on stabilization of anion.

Rule: The strength of an acid depends on the stability of its conjugate base.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

Ch. 19.1 - Draw the structure for each of the following: a....Ch. 19.2 - PROBLEM 2 If electrophilic addition to benzene is...Ch. 19.4 - Why does hydration inactivate FeBr3?Ch. 19.6 - Prob. 5P Ch. 19.7 - Prob. 6P Ch. 19.8 - What is the major product of a Friedel-Crafts...Ch. 19.10 - Describe two ways to prepare each of the following...Ch. 19.12 - Prob. 9P Ch. 19.13 - Name the following:Ch. 19.13 - Prob. 12P

Solution Summary: The author explains that electron-donating groups decrease acidity by inductive effect, while electron-withdrawing substituents stabilize a base, which increases its conjugate acid.

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Chapter 19 Solutions