Universe: Stars And Galaxies
Universe: Stars And Galaxies
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781319115098
Author: Roger Freedman, Robert Geller, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 19, Problem 46Q
To determine

(a)

Escape speed from the present-day Sun.

Expert Solution
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Answer to Problem 46Q

The escape speed from the present-day surface of the Sun is approximately 619kms-1.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

(Gravitational Constant)=6.673×10-11m3kg-1s-2

Mass of the Sun(MSun)=2×1030kg

RadiusoftheSun=696,000×103m

Let Vesc1 be the escape speed from the present-day surface of the Sun.

Formula used:

Escape speed is given by the formula

Vesc=2GMSunR

Where, V is the escape velocity, G is the gravitational constant, M is the sun and R is the radius.

Calculation:

Vesc1=2×6.673×10-11m3kg-1s-2×2×1030kg696,000×103m=619,278.40ms-1619kms-1

Conclusion:

The escape speed from the present-day surface of the Sun is approximately 619kms-1.

To determine

(b)

Escape speed from the Sun after it became a red giant.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 46Q

The escape speed from the Sun after it became a red giant is approximately 61.9kms1.

Explanation of Solution

Given:

(Gravitational Constant)=6.673×10-11m3kg-1s-2

Mass of the Sun(MSun)=2×1030kg

RadiusoftheSun=696,000×103m

Let Vesc2 be the escape speed from the surface of the Sun after it became a red giant.

Formula used:

Escape speed is given by the formula,

Vesc=2GMSunR

Calculation:

Substitute the values:

Vesc2=2×6.673×10-11m3kg-1s-2×2×1030kg696,000×105m=61,927.84ms161.9kms-1

Conclusion:

The escape speed from the present-day surface of the Sun is approximately 61.9kms-1.

To determine

(c)

The reason for mass of a red giant star loses easily rather than a main-sequence star.

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 46Q

The escape speed from a red giant star is much lower than the escape speed from a main-sequence star.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

According to the calculations, the escape speed from the Sun at present-day is approximately 619kms-1 and the escape speed from the Sun after it became a red giant is approximately 61.9kms-1. Escape speed determines the lowest speed that a mass required in order to permanently escape the gravitational field of a certain planet or a celestial body.

The results imply that after the Sun became a red giant, the speed that a mass requires to escape into the outer space is approximately10 times lower than the speed required to escape the present day Sun, which is still a main-sequence star. Hence, more mass from a red giant star would escape from it to the outer space than a main-sequence star.

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