The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

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The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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For a main sequence star with luminosity L, how many kilograms of hydrogen is being converted into helium per second? Use the formula that you derive to estimate the mass of hydrogen atoms that are converted into helium in the interior of the sun (LSun = 3.9 x 1026 W). (Note: the mass of a hydrogen atom is 1 mproton and the mass of a helium atom is 3.97 mproton. You need four hydrogen nuclei to form one helium nucleus.)

When the Sun becomes a red giant, it's luminosity will be 2000 times its current value. The solar flux at Earth will also increase by a factor of 2000. Neglecting the greenhouse effect, the surface temperature of the earth is determined by thermal equilibrium: the flux of radiation absorbed equals the flux of radiation emitted. This means the Earth's surface flux must also increase by a factor of 2000. If the current average surface temperature is 58 degrees F, what will the average surface temperature be when the Sun is a red giant. Express your answer in units of degrees Fahrenheit. [Hint: Recall that the Stefan-Boltzmann law says that the flux F emitted by a blackbody is related to its surface temperature T (measured in Kelvins) is F=σT4 . Use this law in the form of a ratio, expressing T in Kelvins. Then convert back to Fahrenheit.]

A red giant star might have radius = 104 times the solar radius, and luminosity = 1730 times solar luminosity. Use the data given below to calculate the temperature at the surface of the red giant star. Data: solar radius R = 7 x 108 meters solar luminosity L = 4 x 1026 watts Stefan-Boltzmann constant a = 5.67 x 10-8 W m² K-4 (in K) A: 1226 OB: 1434 OC: 1678 OD: 1963 OE: 2297 OF: 2688 OG: 3145 OH: 3679

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 11Q

To determine

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 11

Ch. 19 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 19 - Prob. 10Q

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

Solution Summary: The author explains how the core of a red giant star begins to contract when it is about to begin the Helium fusion.

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To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

Solution Summary: The author explains how the core of a red giant star begins to contract when it is about to begin the Helium fusion.

Concept explainers

To explain: The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.

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Chapter 19 Solutions

To explain:

The way the core of a red giant contracts while its outer layers expand.