The different experimental conditions used to give the major and minor product distribution should be given. Concept Introduction: Carbonyl compound when treated with LDA (Lithium Diisopropylamide) undergoes deprotonation at the α -carbon to form enolate. The enolate formed is resonance stabilized as the negative charge will be spread over other atoms too. The resonance stabilized intermediate undergoes reaction with other molecule of carbonyl (same or different) to form the respective products. If LDA is used as a base the less substituted α carbon is deprotonated due to steric hindrance. Deprotonation of α carbon to form enolate Nucleophilic attack of enolate S N 2 reaction with alkyl halide Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer. Asymmetric center is a sterocenters which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups. Chiral carbon: Chiral carbon is the one which is bonded to four different molecules or groups.

Question

5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.51P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The different experimental conditions used to give the major and minor product distribution should be given.

Concept Introduction:

Carbonyl compound when treated with LDA (Lithium Diisopropylamide) undergoes deprotonation at the α-carbon to form enolate. The enolate formed is resonance stabilized as the negative charge will be spread over other atoms too. The resonance stabilized intermediate undergoes reaction with other molecule of carbonyl (same or different) to form the respective products. If LDA is used as a base the less substituted α carbon is deprotonated due to steric hindrance.

Deprotonation of α carbon to form enolate

Nucleophilic attack of enolate

S_N2 reaction with alkyl halide

Racemic mixture: A racemic mixture is simply a mixture containing an equal amount of each enantiomer.

Asymmetric center is a sterocenters which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.

Chiral carbon: Chiral carbon is the one which is bonded to four different molecules or groups.

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5. A solution of sucrose is fermented in a vessel until the evolution of CO2 ceases. Then, the product solution is analyzed and found to contain, 45% ethanol; 5% acetic acid; and 15% glycerin by weight. If the original charge is 500 kg, evaluate; e. The ratio of sucrose to water in the original charge (wt/wt). f. Moles of CO2 evolved. g. Maximum possible amount of ethanol that could be formed. h. Conversion efficiency. i. Per cent excess of excess reactant. Reactions: Inversion reaction: C12H22O11 + H2O →2C6H12O6 Fermentation reaction: C6H12O6 →→2C2H5OH + 2CO2 Formation of acetic acid and glycerin: C6H12O6 + C2H5OH + H₂O→ CH3COOH + 2C3H8O3

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