Organic Chemistry
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780073402772
Author: Janice G. Smith
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 19, Problem 19.41P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The reason as to why selective methylation occurs at only one
Concept introduction: Codeine is formed from morphine by selective methylation. In selective methylation reaction, the methyl group is attached at the specific position. A base aids in the abstraction of hydrogen ion from morphine, which results in the formation of phenoxide ion.
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Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring.
It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+):
CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l)
Part A
Given 7.30 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield?
Express your answer in grams to three significant figures.
Part B
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures.
Part C
The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 7.30 gg of…
Chapter 19 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 19 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 19 - Problem 19.2 Give the structure corresponding to...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.3 Draw the structure corresponding to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.4PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.5PCh. 19 - Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 19 - Explain how you could use IR spectroscopy to...Ch. 19 - Identify the structure of a compound of molecular...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.9 How many tetrahedral stereogenic...Ch. 19 - What alcohol can be oxidized to each carboxylic...
Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.11PCh. 19 - Draw the products of each acid-base reaction.Ch. 19 - Problem 19.14 Given the values in Appendix A,...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.15 Rank the labeled protons in...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.16 Match each of the following values ...Ch. 19 - Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.18PCh. 19 - Which of the following pairs of compounds can be...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.21 Two other commonly used sulfonic...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.22 Draw both enantiomers of each amino...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.23 Explain why amino acids, unlike most...Ch. 19 - Problem 19.24 Draw the positively charged,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.24PCh. 19 - Problem 19.26 Explain why the of the group of...Ch. 19 - Answer each question for A and B depicted in the...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.27PCh. 19 - Give the IUPAC name for each compound. a....Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.29PCh. 19 - Draw the structures and give the IUPAC names for...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.31PCh. 19 - Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - 19.33 Draw the organic products formed in each...Ch. 19 - 19.34 Identify the lettered compounds in each...Ch. 19 - 19.35 Using the table in Appendix A, determine...Ch. 19 - Draw the products of each acid-base reaction, and...Ch. 19 - Which compound in each pair has the lower pKa?...Ch. 19 - 19.38 Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - Rank the compounds in each group in order of...Ch. 19 - 19.40 Match the values to the appropriate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.41PCh. 19 - 19.42 Which carboxylic acid has the lower ,...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.43PCh. 19 - 19.44 Explain the following statement. Although...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.45PCh. 19 - 19.46 Explain why the of compound A is lower than...Ch. 19 - 19.47 Rank the following compounds in order of...Ch. 19 - Explain the following result. Acetic acid...Ch. 19 - 19.50 Draw all resonance structures of the...Ch. 19 - As we will see in Chapter 23, CH bonds are...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.51PCh. 19 - The pKa of acetamide (CH3CONH2) is 16. Draw the...Ch. 19 - 19.54 Write out the steps needed to separate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.54PCh. 19 - Can octane and octan -1- ol be separated using an...Ch. 19 - 19.57 Identify each compound from its spectral...Ch. 19 - 19.58 Use the NMR and IR spectra given below to...Ch. 19 - 19.59 An unknown compound (molecular formula )...Ch. 19 - 19.60 Propose a structure for (molecular formula...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.60PCh. 19 - 19.61 Match the data to the appropriate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.62PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.63PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.64PCh. 19 - 19.65 For each amino acid ,draw its neutral,...Ch. 19 - Calculate the isoelectric point for each amino...Ch. 19 - 19.67 Lysine and tryptophan are two amino acids...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.68PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.69PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.70PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.71PCh. 19 - 19.71 Hydroxy butanedioic acid occurs naturally in...Ch. 19 - 19.72 Although it was initially sold as a rat...
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- Ethyl butyrate, CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3, is an artificial fruit flavor commonly used in the food industry for such flavors as orange and pineapple. Its fragrance and taste are often associated with fresh orange juice, and thus it is most commonly used as orange flavoring. It can be produced by the reaction of butanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of an acid catalyst (H+H+): CH3CH2CH2CO2H(l)+CH2CH3OH(l)H+⟶CH3CH2CH2CO2CH2CH3(l)+H2O(l) Given 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess ethanol, how many grams of ethyl butyrate would be synthesized, assuming a complete 100%% yield? Express your answer in grams to three significant figures. A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.50 gg of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield? Express your answer as a percent to three significant figures. The chemist discovers a more efficient catalyst that can produce ethyl butyrate with a 78.0%% yield. How many grams would be produced from 8.45 gg of butanoic acid and excess…arrow_forwardIn the mid-1930s a substance was isolated from a fungus that is a parasite of ryes and other grasses. This alkaloid, lysergic acid, has been of great interest to chemists because of its strange, dramatic action on the human mind. Many derivatives of lysergic acid are known, some with medicinal applications. Perhaps the best known derivative of lysergic acid is the potent hallucinogen lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD): మగవా జి N-H LSD (CH25N;O) Like other alkaloids, LSD is a weak base, with Kp = 7.6 × 107. What is the pH of a 0.94 M solution of LSD? pH =arrow_forwardCarbonyl compounds can be protonated on the carbonyl oxygen. Protonation of the carbonyl oxygen gives a species whose positive charge is delocalized by resonance. Explain why acetic acid (ethanoic acid) is more readily protonated than acetone (propanone).arrow_forward
- Explain why methyl trifluoroacetate, CF3CO2CH3, is more reactive than methyl acetate, CH3CO2CH3, in nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions.arrow_forwardThe following molecule belongs to a class of compounds called enediols; each carbon of the double bond carries an OH group. Draw structural formulas for the -hydroxyketone and the -hydroxyaldehyde with which this enediol is in equilibrium.arrow_forwardWhat product is obtained when ethylamine reacts with excess methyl iodide in a basic solution of potassium carbonate?arrow_forward
- Aziridines are heterocycles that contain an N atom in a three-membered ring. Like epoxides, aziridines are strained and reactive because the 60° bond angles of the three-membered ring deviate greatly from the theoretical tetrahedral bond angle. One step in the synthesis of the drug oseltamivir (trade name Tamiflu, Section 3.2) involves the conversion of amine X to diamine Y, a reaction that occurs by way of an intermediate aziridine. Draw a stepwise mechanism for the conversion of X to Y. Indicate the structure of the aziridine intermediate, and explain the trans stereochemistry of the two amines in Y.arrow_forwardWhat products are formed when all of the amide and ester bonds are hydrolyzed in each of the following compounds? Tamiflu [part (a)] is the trade name of the antiviral agent oseltamivir, thought to be the most effective agent in treating influenza. Aspartame [part (b)] is the artificial sweetener used in Equal and many diet beverages. One of the products of this hydrolysis reaction is the amino acid phenylalanine. Infants afflicted with phenylketonuria cannot metabolize this amino acid, so it accumulates, causing mental retardation. When the affliction is identified early, a diet limiting the consumption of phenylalanine (and compounds like aspartame that are converted to it) can make a normal life possible.arrow_forwardExplain why carboxylic acids do not undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions with amines.arrow_forward
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