Concept explainers
For each amino acid
a. methionine
b. serine
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Organic Chemistry
- Most amino acids have isoelectric points between 5.0 and 6.0, but the isoelectric point of lysine is 9.7. Explain why lysine has such a high value for its isoelectric point.arrow_forward22-91 Which amino acid does not rotate the plane of polarized light?arrow_forwardExplain why a protein is least soluble in an aqueous medium that has a pH equal to the isoelectric point of the protein.arrow_forward
- GT 2 A. Draw the structure of L-valine in a strongly basic B. What is the charge of this amino solution. acid in a strongly basic solution? В. A. What is the pH of D at its isoelectric point? Show the structure of this amino acid at its isoelectric point. C. What is the charge of this amino acid in a strongly acidic solution?arrow_forward10. Use the information in the table below to draw the structure of the predominant form of each amino acid at physiological pH (pH = 7.4) R side chain pKa (a-COOH) -CH₂CH(CH3)2 -(CH2)4NH2 -(CH2)2CO2H Amino acid Leucine Lysine Glutamic acid L-leucine L-lysine L-glutamic acid 2.36 2.18 2.19 pKa (α-NH3*) pKa (side chain) 9.60 8.95 9.67 10.79 4.25arrow_forwardConsider the amino acid norvaline: O NH2 OH H C3 a. The pKa of the carboxylic acid group is 2.36. The pKa of the amino group is 9.76. Show how to calculate the isoelectric point, pI of this amino acid. b. Draw the structure of norvaline in a solution of NaOH (aq) c. Draw the structure of norvaline in a solution of H2SO4 (aq)arrow_forward
- H₂N Combination of two or more protein units 7. Which type of cross-link involves interactions between two cysteine amino acids? 8. Which type of cross-link would form between the following amino acids? Η Ο || H₂N-C-C-OH T CH₂ C=O NH₂ Η Ο LL H₂N-C-C-OH T CH₂ OH 9. To what main enzyme class do the nzym that catalyze the following reaction belong? (oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases) HO | || I c-c-N-C-COO + H₂O IT HR₂ R₁ H 1 This bond is cleaved H H₂N-C-COOⓇ I R₂ Wilter navy q H I H₂N-C-C00 1 R₁ •Qisulfide 10. Briefly explain the Lock and Key enzyme model.arrow_forwardplease explain why this happends, im having trouble in this section. Part A Chymotrypsin, an enzyme that hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins, functions in the small intestine at an optimum pH of 7.7 to 8.0. How is the rate of the chymotrypsin-catalyzed reaction affected by each of the following conditions?arrow_forwardThe amino acid histidine has ionizable groups with pK₁ values of 1.8, 6.0, and 9.2, as shown. COOH H¸Ñ—CH CH₂ H 2 CH pH = COO™ H¸Ñ—CH 1.8 pk₁ CH₂ H lonizable -COOH = -COO- group CH COO™ H₂N-CH 6.0 pK₂2 CH₂ H -HisH -His N CH COO™ H₂N-CH 9.2 pk CH₂ H 2 —NH — —NH, CH A biochemist makes up 95 mL of a 0.13 M solution of histidine at a pH of 5.3. She then adds 60 mL of 0.10 M HCl. What is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forward
- The amino acid histidine has ionizable groups with pKa values of 1.8, 6.0, and 9.2, as shown. COOH H₂N-CH | CH ₂ pH = CH lonizable -COOH group COO- H₂N-CH 1.8 pk₁ CH2 H -COO- CH -HisH+ COO- H₂N-CH 1 6.0 pk2 CH ₂ H H N -His CH -NH COO- H₂N-CH 1 9.2 pk₂ CH2 -NH₂ H -N CH A biochemist makes up 80 mL of a 0.11 M solution of histidine at a pH of 5.1. She then adds 60 mL of 0.10 M HCl. What is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forwardFill in the Blanks H OH Type your answers in all of the blanks and submit X, X" Ω· For the following peptide, use the values in the table to calculate its isoelectric pH: The peptide is shown at a pH of 1 to start. The Amino acid sequence is F-L-Y. What is the pl (isoelectric pH) of this structure? Type your answer here OHarrow_forward8. The following proteins represent a wide range of molecular weights and isoelectric points. Mr is the molecular weight of a single protein chain. • Protein 1: Mr 68,544; pl 6.11 (monomer) • Protein 2: Mr 29,041; pl 5.32 (dimer) • Protein 3: Mr 15,805; pl 5.7 (dimer) • Protein 4: Mr 12,165; pl 4.74 a. Which protein is the most acidic? Explain your answer. b. Which protein will migrate the slowest in an SDS-PAGE? Explain your answer. c. In what order will these proteins elute from a cation exchanger at pH 8? Explain your answer. d. In what order will these proteins salt out from a pH 7 solution by the dropwise addition of saturated ammonium sulfate? Explain your answer. 5 83°F Cloudyarrow_forward
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