Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 15RQ
The good genes hypothesis is a theory that explains what?
- why more fit individuals are more likely to have more offspring
- why alleles that confer beneficial traits or behaviors are selected for by natural selection
- why some deleterious mutations are maintained in the population
- why individuals of one sex develop impressive ornamental traits
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What are the similarities and differences between natural selection and selective breeding?
Identifying genes like HMGA2 is important, because it is evidence of natural selection. How does it demonstrate that natural selection occurred in Darwin’s finches?
Scientists mutate and modify the gene in the lab to see how changes might occur to the organism.
Scientists identify different forms of the gene in individuals from the same species and observe how it shows up as a trait.
Scientists study similar genes that also impact the same traits to see how they work together and influence one another.
Scientists observe the frequency of the different forms of the gene and how it changes in response to the environment.
Need some help on this one.
In order for a trait to evolve via natural selection, which of the following must be true regarding the trait? (this is a multiple answer question - so select all correct)
Group of answer choices
There must be variation in the trait.
The trait must make the organism survive longer than organisms with different traits.
The trait must confer a reproductive advantage on the bearer of the trait.
The trait must be heritable.
The trait does not necessarily need to be passed down to offspring.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 19 - Figure 19.2 In plants, violet flower color (V) is...Ch. 19 - Figure 19.4 Do you think genetic drift would...Ch. 19 - Figure 19.8 In recent years, factories have become...Ch. 19 - What is the difference between micro- and...Ch. 19 - Population genetics is the study of: how selective...Ch. 19 - Which of the following populations is not in...Ch. 19 - One of the original Amish colonies rose from a...Ch. 19 - When male lions reach sexual maturity, they leave...Ch. 19 - Which of the following evolutionary forces can...Ch. 19 - What is assortative mating? when individuals mate...
Ch. 19 - When closely related individuals mate with each...Ch. 19 - What is a cline? the slope of a mountain where a...Ch. 19 - Which type of selection results in greater genetic...Ch. 19 - When males and females of a population look or act...Ch. 19 - The good genes hypothesis is a theory that...Ch. 19 - Solve for the genetic structure of a population...Ch. 19 - Explain the Hardy-Weinberg principle of...Ch. 19 - Imagine you are trying to test whether a...Ch. 19 - Describe a situation in which a population would...Ch. 19 - Describe natural selection and give an example of...Ch. 19 - Explain what a cline is and provide examples.Ch. 19 - Give an example of a trait that may have evolved...Ch. 19 - List the ways in which evolution can affect...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What would happen if a mutation created a new allele that decreased fitness? * The new allele would have to change back to an allele of higher fitness so the possessor of that allele could maintain its fitness. The individual with the new allele would wait for an environmental change so that its fitness would increase again No answer The new allele would decrease the fitness of the individual that possessed it, and that individual would have few or no offspring The new allele would spread through the population and decrease the fitness of that populationarrow_forwardNatural selection and artificial selection or selective breeding can both cause changes in animals and plants. The difference between the two is that natural selection happens naturally, but selective breeding only occurs when humans intervene. Changes in genetic traits have occurred over generations through both natural selection and selective breeding although the occur through different means. What characterizes only artificial selection? Choose all that apply. A) chickens that lay larger eggs are favored B) selection increases the chances of surviving C) selection make a species stronger and fit for survival D) selection favors the desired characters in the new organismsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT a valid evolutionary explanation for why aging (or senescence) happens? Selected answer will be automatically saved. For keyboard navigation, press up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d Alleles that reduce survival late in life, after most individuals have reproduced, will have a smaller effect on fitness than alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life. Alleles that affect survival or reproduction early in life will have a smaller effect on fitness than alleles that reduce survival late in life. Alleles that increase reproductive rates early in life sometimes have trade-offs that reduce later survival. 2 Many deaths of younger individuals are due to causes unrelated to life history such as predation, reducing the effects that aging has on fitness.arrow_forward
- What type of selection reduces genetic variation in a trait? disruptive? balancing? directional? stabilizing? Explain whyarrow_forwardSuppose there is a type of deleterious mutation in a particular human gene that causes death very late in life. Such mutations happen in about one in every million births, and can be passed on to descendants. Which statement about this allele is false? At equilibrium, the frequency of this allele will be zero. Selection against this mutation is weak compared to an allele that causes death at an earlier age. Medical advances that extend human lifespan will increase selection against this allele. Selection against this allele depends on the rate of extrinsic mortality.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about genetic fitness and/or selection is false? Group of answer choices Individuals with low fitness have greater selection coefficients Fitness involves both relative viability and reproductive success Individuals with high fitness have greater selection coefficients Selection against recessive alleles tends to be slower overall than dominant alleles because of the survival in heterozygotesarrow_forward
- A freshwater fish called the blue danio (Danio kerri) has pink stripes down its sides. What has to be true about color pattern in these fish for it to be subject to natural selection? Group of answer choices It can only be a trait that is due to one gene that only has 2 alleles. It must be identical in all individuals in the population. It must be derived from their diet – it can’t be a genetically-based trait. It must be a genetically-based trait. It must be present in males but not in females.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the theories of senescence is correct? Question 2 options: The reason why organisms become old and decrepit is because an individual would often have accumulated too much energy in its lifetime in the form of fat reserve; therefore, an older individual often dies from old-age related diseases. An allele that shows its deleterious effect later in life will always have a smaller impact on an organism's fitness than an allele that shows its deleterious effect early in life. Therefore, late-acting deleterious mutations can be fixed in the population, resulting in shortened lifespans. The allele that can result in early reproduction will always be selected for, even if it comes with a cost of earlier senescence. Typically, for species that live fast would usually die young. None of the abovearrow_forwardThe dog breed West Highland Terrier is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of the breed and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?arrow_forward
- In the modern reckoning of evolution by natural selection, what is the most important feature that allows an allele to be more represented over time in a population? The allele makes the organisim stronger. The allele allows the organisim to produce more breeding offspring. The allele allows the organisim to eat more readily. The allele allows the organsims to escape predators readily.arrow_forwardWhich one of the following would be considered an example of sexual selection? Similar death rates due to disease in both sexes of a species The presence of both male and female reproductive structures within each individual of a species Longer tailed males of a bird species mating more frequently on average than shorter tailed males of the same species Higher offspring survival in individuals homozygous for one type of allele compared to individuals homozygous for a different allele at the same locus The ability of a species to utilize either asexual or sexual reproductionarrow_forwardPlease answer fast Which of the following are true about the logic we use to identify alleles under positive selection at a given locus? Question 3 options: Alleles under positive selection should occur at relatively high frequency. An allele that occurs at relatively high frequency because of genetic drift is likely to be a "young allele," which means it arose by mutation relatively recently. An allele that occurs at relatively high frequency because of positive selection is likely to be an "old allele," which means it arose by mutation relatively recently. "Old alleles" are likely to be in linkage disequilibrium with nearby loci. "Young alleles" are likely to be in linkage equilibrium with nearby loci. Consider what we now know about the tree of life. Which of the following statements are true? Question 8 options: Archaea is paraphyletic. Archaea and bacteria together form a monophyletic clade. There are three monophyletic domains of life: eukaryotes, archaea, and…arrow_forward
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