Chapter 18.9, Problem 18.9P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given conversion can be done in good yield has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.

Gilman reagent:

It is generally represented as ${\text{R}}_{\text{2}}\text{CuLi}$ and it is a lithium and copper reagent which is used to form a new carbon-carbon bond formation in organic synthesis.

General Reaction of Gilman reagent with carbonyl compounds:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which the given conversion can be done in good yield has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides $\left(\text{RMgX}\right)$ are known as Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction is an organometallic chemical reaction in which the Grignard reagent act as nucleophile and attack electrophilic carbon atom that are present within polar bonds to yield a carbon-carbon bond

Synthesis of Grignard reagent is shown below,

$\underset{Alkyl/arylhalide}{R-X}+Mg\stackrel{Ether}{\to }\underset{Grignardreagent}{RMgX}$

Addition of a Grignard reagent to carbon dioxide followed by protonation will produce carboxylic acid.

Acid chlorides are most often prepared by treating a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride.