
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The reaction of
The hydrolysis reaction of alkyl nitrile in presence of acid is written as,
The amide is first formed when the cyano group is hydrolysed in excess of water and if there is only one mole of water per mole of nitrile, the reaction can be stopped by the formation of amide.
(b)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The reaction of alkyl halides with sodium cyanide gives alkyl cyanides or nitriles. After the reaction there is increase incarbon atoms of the alkyl chain of alkyl halide. The nitriles obtained undergo hydrolysis reaction in presence of acid gives carboxylic acid. The general reaction of alkyl halides and sodum cyanide is written as,
The hydrolysis reaction of alkyl nitrile in presence of acid is written as,
The amide is first formed when the cyano group is hydrolysed in excess of water and if there is only one mole of water per mole of nitrile, the reaction can be stopped by the formation of amide.
(c)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Amide hydrolysis in aqueous base:
A carboxylate anion and ammonia or an
The formed carboxylate anion can be converted into carboxylic acid by the acidification of the reaction mixture.
(d)
The structural formula for the principal product formed when benzonitrile is treated with the given reagent has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Concept introduction:

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Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry, Loose-leaf Version
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