Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 18.4, Problem 6P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The reason for why mannose is one of the products when glucose undergoes base-catalyzed isomerization in the absence of an enzyme whereas mannose is not formed in the presence of an enzyme catalyzed reaction has to be explained
Concept introduction:
- Enzyme is a protein that is a biological catalyst. The reactant in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is called substrate. In the enzyme, a pocket like cleft is present called active site where it binds the substrate.
- Some amino acid chains in the enzyme act as base, acid and nucleophilic catalyst. Many of the enzymes contain metal ions at the active site which acts as catalyst.
- Acid Catalyst helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the donation of a proton to substrate.
- Base Catalyst helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the removal of a proton to substrate.
- Nucleophilic catalysis helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the formation of a covalent bond with substrate
- Glycolysis: A series of reactions where glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules in the presence of enzymes catalysis.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Kindly answer question i & ii
Question 21
Match the structures with the description
NH
NH
CHO
CH
HO
CH,
HO
HỌ
CH,
NICH
H.
ocit,
CH,
он он
HO
но-
HO
HO
он
CH2
OH
>
Why can isomaltose be easily hydrolyzed through acid hydrolysis while trehalose cannot undergo acid hydrolysis?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 18.2 - If H218O were used to hydrolyze lysozyme, which...Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.3 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 18.4 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 18.5 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed...Ch. 18.5 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 18.8 - How many conjugated double bonds are there in a....Ch. 18.8 - Instead of adding to the 4a-position and...Ch. 18.8 - In succinate dehydrogenase, FAD is covalently...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring...Ch. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase can also transfer the acyl...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 19PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 18.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 18.11 - Which compound is more easily decarboxylated?Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.12 - What groups are interchanged in the following...Ch. 18.13 - Why is the coenzyme called tetrahydrofolate?Ch. 18.13 - What amino acid is formed by the following...Ch. 18.13 - How do the structures of tetrahydrofolate and...Ch. 18.13 - What is the source of the methyl group in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - From what vitamins are the following coenzymes...Ch. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - For each of the following reaction, name both the...Ch. 18 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - For each of the following enzyme catalyzed...Ch. 18 - Trisephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - What acyl groups have we seen transferred by...Ch. 18 - When UMP is dissolved in T2O, exchange of T for H...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - When transaminated, the three branched-chain amino...Ch. 18 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Fats belong to the class of organic compounds represented by the general formula, RCOOR', where R and R' represent hydrocarbon groups; therefore, fats are: a. ethers. b. soaps. c. esters. d. lipases.arrow_forwardis this monosaccharide aldose or ketose? what is the chemical group and its location that allows its classification.arrow_forwardXylulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does xylulose belong based on the number of carbons and carbonyl functionality? A) aldotetrose B) aldopentose C) ketotetrose D) ketopentose E) ketohexosearrow_forward
- Raffinose is a trisaccharide found in whole grains. What is the correct description of the glycosidic linkage(s) in raffinose?arrow_forwardName the two monosaccharide units of which trehalose is composedarrow_forwardEthanol (CH3CH2OH) is the alcohol found in beverages. It is oxidized in the body to acetaldehyde by the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. Methanol (CH3OH), also known as wood alcohol, is converted to formaldehyde by the same enzyme. Acetaldehyde is toxic, but formaldehyde is far more toxic to humans, which is why the ingestion of relatively small amounts of methanol can cause blindness or death. One treatment for mild methanol poisoning is the administration of ethanol. Why might a doctor choose this treatment? A. Ethanol likely irreversibly binds to alcohol dehydrogenase which prevents the formation of formaldehyde. B. The doctor has given up on the patient and administers ethanol for sedation. C. Ethanol must act as a competitive inhibitor for the alcohol dehydrogenase and therefore slows the formation of formaldehyde. D. The ethanol is likely an uncompetitive inhibitor and binds to a site other than the active site of the enzyme.arrow_forward
- Cellobiose, a disaccharide obtained by the hydrolysis of cellulose, is composed of two glucose units joined together in a 1->4-ß-glycoside bond. What is the structure of cellobiose?arrow_forwardDISACCHARIDE The condensation of two monosaccharide forms a disaccharide or polysaccharide if several monosaccharides are involved. When monosaccharides join together one water molecule is produced. Usually the C-1 OH and C-4 OH or C-1 OH and C-6 OH are involved in the formation of new bond called the glycosidic bond (an ether linkage). Two possible glycosidic bonds are the 1,4’-alpha glycosidic bond and 1,4’-beta glycosidic bond. Did you notice the difference between the two glycosidic bonds? 1,4'-alpha glycosidic bond ÇH2OH ÇH2OH Он H. H OH is lost -H2O H H он CH2OH Он Но OH Но + ÇH2OH H OH ОН alpha anomer он H H OH Он H OH H is lost>HỌ OH 1,4'-alpha glycosidic bond OH alpha anomer 1,4'-beta glycosidic bond beta anomer CH2OH OH ÇH2OH H is removed H Он О он CH2OH НО CH2OH OH H -O OH H OH H H H2O H OH OH OH но H OH is removed Но H OH OH 1,4'-beta glycosidic bond beta anomer -오arrow_forwardWhy are some organic compounds (polysaccharide) is insoluble in organic solvent (small alkane solvent)? Explain thoroughly.arrow_forward
- Consider the following molecule. If it were to undergo hydrolysis, it would produce:arrow_forward14. (a) Identify the acetal and the ketal group in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. OH НО HƠ HO Н HO Н НО HO 15. (a) Identify the glycosidic bond in the following disaccharide. (b) Decide whether the compound is a non-reducing or reducing sugar. (c) Polysaccharide units are usually bonded together with a or B 1, 6 or 1, 4 linkages. What linkage is used in the disaccharide shown below? s) НО НО НО HO НО -OH OH -H OH CH2OH 16. Draw the structure for 1,4-B-D-galactopyranosyl-D-glucose. ( но- 17. Assign an R/S designation to each chirality center in the following compound: ( CHO НО -OHarrow_forwardDescribe the glycosidic bond in this repeating disaccharide unitarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic And Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305081079
Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)
Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285869759
Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar Torres
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580350
Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. Foote
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079250
Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed Peters
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning