Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 18, Problem 45P
When transaminated, the three branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine) form compounds that have the characteristic odor of maple syrup. An enzyme known as branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase converts these compounds into their urine smells like maple syrup.
- a. Draw the compounds that smell like maple syrup.
- b. Draw the CoA esters.
- c. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase has five coenzymes. Identify them.
- d. Suggest a way to treat maple syrup urine disease.
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Refer to the structure
1. The metabolic pathway is an example of
a. Oxidative dealkylation
b. Reduction
c. Oxidative deamination
d. Hydrolysis
2. This pathway is true for what kind of drugs
a. Endogenous amides
b. Endogenous amines
c. Radical species
d. Endogenous amino acids
9. An example of an isoenzyme used for clinical diagnosis is
a. lactate dehydrogenase
b. creatine kinase
Oc. lipase
d. more than one choice is correct
3. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Enzymes speed up the attainment of a reaction equilibrium.
B. Enzymes make reactions 10³ to 1020 times faster.
C. Enzymes are proteins.
D. Enzymes lower the amount of energy needed for a reaction.
E. Enzymes are chemically unchanged during the actual catalytic process.
4. The polar head of cerebroside in the membrane can form
a. Hydrogen bonds
b. lon-dipole interactions
c. Both A and B
d. Neither A nor B
with water molecule.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 18.2 - If H218O were used to hydrolyze lysozyme, which...Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.3 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 18.4 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 18.5 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed...Ch. 18.5 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 18.8 - How many conjugated double bonds are there in a....Ch. 18.8 - Instead of adding to the 4a-position and...Ch. 18.8 - In succinate dehydrogenase, FAD is covalently...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring...Ch. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase can also transfer the acyl...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 19PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 18.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 18.11 - Which compound is more easily decarboxylated?Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.12 - What groups are interchanged in the following...Ch. 18.13 - Why is the coenzyme called tetrahydrofolate?Ch. 18.13 - What amino acid is formed by the following...Ch. 18.13 - How do the structures of tetrahydrofolate and...Ch. 18.13 - What is the source of the methyl group in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - From what vitamins are the following coenzymes...Ch. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - For each of the following reaction, name both the...Ch. 18 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - For each of the following enzyme catalyzed...Ch. 18 - Trisephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - What acyl groups have we seen transferred by...Ch. 18 - When UMP is dissolved in T2O, exchange of T for H...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - When transaminated, the three branched-chain amino...Ch. 18 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...
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- Answer each of the questions pertaining to the figure below: a. Is this an endergonic or an exergonic reaction? b. Which letter represents the change in free energy of this reaction? c. Which letter represents the line that shows the reaction without an enzyme? d. Which letter represents the energy of activation needed with an enzyme? A Reactants B E Products Progress of the reaction Free energyarrow_forwardWhat sugar units will be formed after the hydrolysis sucrose? A. 2 glucose units B. glucose and galactose C. glucose and fructose D. many units of glucosearrow_forward13. Isoenzyme assays can be used for medical diagnostic purposes because a. damaged tissue produces a different isoenzyme than undamaged tissue b. different tissues produce different isometric forms of the same enzyme C. different isoenzymes react with different substrates d. damaged tissue produces nonfunctioning isoenzymesarrow_forward
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- 1. Glycosylation is an endothermic process requiring hydrolysis of ATP to provide energy necessary to drive this process. How many ATPs are required to generate a glycosidic bond? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardSubstrates are held in place at the active site of an enzyme with: A. Weak, noncovalent, reversible interactions B. Strong, covalent, reversible interactions C. Weak, noncovalent, irreversible interactions D. Weak, covalent, reversible interactionsarrow_forward1. The enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction below requires what cofactor? A. Pyridoxal phosphate B. Paradoxal phosphate C. Tetrahydrofolate D. S-Adenosyl methionine 2. Skeletal muscle exports excess nitrogen to the liver in the form of... A. Alanine B. Tyrosine C. Pyruvate D. Glycine 3. In the urea cycle, ornithine transcarbamoylase condenses a ornithine with what molecule to produce citrulline? A. Carbamate B. Aspartate C. Phosphate D. Carbamoyl phosphatearrow_forward
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