Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780321937711
Author: Paula Yurkanis Bruice
Publisher: PEARSON
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Question
Chapter 18, Problem 41P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Reason for why glucose-6-phosphate gets isomerized to fructose-6-phosphate before the cleavage reaction with aldolase during glycolysis has to be explained.
Concept introduction:
- Enzyme is a protein that is a biological catalyst. The reactant in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme is called substrate. In the enzyme, a pocket like cleft is present called active site where it binds the substrate.
- Some amino acid chains in the enzyme act as base, acid and nucleophilic catalyst. Many of the enzymes contain metal ions at the active site which acts as catalyst.
- Acid Catalyst helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the donation of a proton to substrate.
- Base Catalyst helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the removal of a proton to substrate.
- Nucleophilic catalysis helps in increasing the rate of a particular reaction by the formation of a covalent bond with substrate
- Glycolysis: A series of reactions where glucose is converted to two pyruvate molecules in the presence of enzymes catalysis.
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1PCh. 18.2 - If H218O were used to hydrolyze lysozyme, which...Ch. 18.3 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.3 - Arginine and lysine side chains fit into trypsins...Ch. 18.4 - Which of the following amino acid side chains can...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 6PCh. 18.5 - Prob. 7PCh. 18.5 - Draw the mechanism for the hydroxide-ion-catalyzed...Ch. 18.5 - What advantage does the enzyme gain by forming an...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 10P
Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 11PCh. 18.8 - How many conjugated double bonds are there in a....Ch. 18.8 - Instead of adding to the 4a-position and...Ch. 18.8 - In succinate dehydrogenase, FAD is covalently...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. 15PCh. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase is another TPP-requiring...Ch. 18.9 - Acetolactate synthase can also transfer the acyl...Ch. 18.9 - Prob. 18PCh. 18.9 - Prob. 19PCh. 18.10 - Prob. 21PCh. 18.11 - Prob. 23PCh. 18.11 - Which compound is more easily decarboxylated?Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.11 - Explain why the ability of PLP to catalyze an...Ch. 18.12 - What groups are interchanged in the following...Ch. 18.13 - Why is the coenzyme called tetrahydrofolate?Ch. 18.13 - What amino acid is formed by the following...Ch. 18.13 - How do the structures of tetrahydrofolate and...Ch. 18.13 - What is the source of the methyl group in...Ch. 18 - Prob. 32PCh. 18 - Prob. 33PCh. 18 - From what vitamins are the following coenzymes...Ch. 18 - Prob. 35PCh. 18 - For each of the following reaction, name both the...Ch. 18 - Explain why serine proteases do not catalyze...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38PCh. 18 - For each of the following enzyme catalyzed...Ch. 18 - Trisephosphate isomerase (TIM) catalyzes the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 41PCh. 18 - What acyl groups have we seen transferred by...Ch. 18 - When UMP is dissolved in T2O, exchange of T for H...Ch. 18 - Prob. 44PCh. 18 - When transaminated, the three branched-chain amino...Ch. 18 - Aldolase shows no activity if it is incubated with...
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- One of the steps in the pentose phosphate pathway for glucose catabolism is the reaction of xylulose 5-phosphate with ribose 5-phosphate in the presence of a transketolase to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. (a) The first part of the reaction is nucleophilic addition of thiamin diphosphate (TPP) ylide to xylulose 5-phosphate, followed by a retro-aldol cleavage to give glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a TPPcontaining enamine. Show the structure of the enamine and the mechanism by which it is formed. (b) The second part of the reaction is addition of the enamine to ribose 5-phosphate followed by loss of TPP ylide to give sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. Show the mechanism.arrow_forwardNonearrow_forward(a) Are galactose and mannose constitutional isomers or stereoisomers? (b) Draw the structure of galactose 1-phosphate and mannose 6-phosphate. (c) Are these two phosphates constitutional isomers or stereoisomers?arrow_forward
- What structures are produced by the epimerization of galactose?arrow_forwardIn glycolysis, why must glucose-6-phosphate isomerize to fructose-6-phosphate (Section 22.12 ) before thecleavage reaction with aldolase occurs?arrow_forwardWrite down the structures and names of the products formed when D-glucose is treated with(i) Hydroxylamine(ii) Acetic anhydride.arrow_forward
- What is the product of the reaction when α-amylase acts on amylose? (A) amylose molecules (B) monosaccharide molecules (C) different-sized oligosaccharide fragments (D) different-sized polysaccharide fragmentsarrow_forwardWhen d-glucose is reduced with sodium borohydride, optically active glucitol results.When optically active d-galactose is reduced, however, the product is optically inactive.Explain this loss of optical activityarrow_forwardThe rate limiting step in glycogen catabolism is regulated by reversible phosphorylation allosterism O allosterism and reversible phosphorylation reversible phosphorylation but not allosterism allosterism but not reversible phosphorylationarrow_forward
- Iis D-glucose capable of forming mutarotation in solid state?arrow_forwardβ-D-N-acetylgalactosamine and α-D-N-acetylglucosamine are examples of epimers, enantiomers, aldose-ketose pair, or anomers?arrow_forwardIdentify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, a decarboxylase, a dehydrogenase, a lipase, or a phosphatase.arrow_forward
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