Chapter 18.3, Problem 18.2E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

• When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
• When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
• Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for the given reactions

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

• When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
• When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
• Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for the given reactions

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

• When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
• When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
• Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for the given reactions

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of reactions, the sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ have to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Entropy change:

The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for a reaction is determined by using the following rules:

• When a molecule is broken down and gives two or more smaller molecules.
• When the moles of gas is increases (by the breaking of molecules)
• Solid changes to liquid or gas state or liquid state changes to gas state.

To determine: The sign of ${\text{ΔS}}^{\text{o}}$ for the given reactions