(a)
Interpretation:
From the given set of pairs, the substance having greater entropy has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
To find: the substance having greater entropy
(b)
Interpretation:
From the given set of pairs, the substance having greater entropy has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
To find: the substance having greater entropy
(c)
Interpretation:
From the given set of pairs, the substance having greater entropy has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
To find: the substance having greater entropy
(d)
Interpretation:
From the given set of pairs, the substance having greater entropy has to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Entropy:
Entropy is a measure of randomness (disorder). If the randomness of a system is increases then its entropy will increase.
To find: the substance having greater entropy
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General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Course List)
- For each pair of items, tell which has the higher entropy and explain why. (a) Item 1, a sample of solid CO2 at -78°C, or item 2, CO2 vapor at 0°C (b) Item I, solid sugar, or item 2, the same sugar dissolved in a cup of tea (c) Item 1, a 100-mL sample of pure water and a 100-mL sample of pure alcohol, or item 2, the same samples of water and alcohol after they have been poured together and stirredarrow_forwardFor each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative, (a) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature, (b) A teaspoon of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee. (The system consists of both sugar and coffee.) (c) Calcium carbonate precipitates out of water in a cave to form stalactites and stalagmites. (Consider only the calcium carbonate to be the system.)arrow_forwardWhich contains greater entropy, a quantity of frozen benzene or the same quantity of liquid benzene at the same temperature? Explain in terms of the dispersal of energy in the substance.arrow_forward
- Suppose you have four identical molecules labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4. Draw 16 simple two-flask diagrams as in thefigure for Question 17, and draw all possible arrangements of the four molecules in the two flasks. How manyof these arrangements have two molecules in each flask?How many have no molecules in one flask? From theseresults, what is the most probable arrangement of molecules? Which arrangement has the highest entropy?arrow_forwardIdentify each of the processes listed as spontaneous or nons-pontaneous. For each nonspontaneous process, describe the corresponding spontaneous process in the opposite direction. (a) A group of cheerleaders builds a human pyramid. (b) Table salt dissolves in water. (c) A cup of cold coffee in a room becomes steaming hot. (d) Water molecules in the air are converted to hydrogen and oxygen gases. (e) A person peels an orange, and you smell it from across the room.arrow_forwardIdentify each of the processes listed as spontaneous or non-spontaneous. For each non spontaneous process, describe the corresponding spontaneous process in the opposite direction. (a) Oxygen molecules dissociate to form oxygen atoms. (b) A tray of water is placed in the sun on a warm day and freezes. (c) A solution of salt water forms a layer of acid on top of a layer of base. (d) Silver nitrate is added to a solution of sodium chloride and a precipitate forms. (e) Sulfuric acid sitting in a beaker turns into water by giving off gaseous SO3.arrow_forward
- Pick the example with the highest entropy from each of the following sets. Explain your answers. a.Solid ice, liquid water, or steam b.Leaves on a tree, fallen leaves blown about on the ground, fallen leaves raked and placed in a basket c.A stack of sheets of paper, a wastebasket containing sheets of paper, a wastebasket containing torn and crumpled sheets of paper d.A 0.10M sugar solution, a 1.0M sugar solution, a 10.0M sugar solution e.A banquet table set for dinner, a banquet table during dinner, a banquet table immediately after dinnerarrow_forwardFor each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative. Water vapor (the system) deposits as ice crystals on a cold windowpane. A can of carbonated beverage loses its fizz. (Consider the beverage but not the can as the system. What happens to the entropy of the dissolved gas?) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature.arrow_forwardCalculate S for the reaction C2H4(g)+3O2(g)2CO2(g)+2H2O(l) See Table 18.1 for values of standard entropies. Does the entropy of the chemical system increase or decrease as you expect? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardThrough photosynthesis, plants build molecules of sugar containing several carbon atoms from carbon dioxide. In the process, entropy is decreased. The reaction of CO2with formic acid to form oxalic acid provides a simple example of a reaction in which the number of carbon atoms in a compound increases: CO2(aq)+HCOOH(aq)H2C2O4(aq) (a) Calculate the standard entropy change for this reaction and discuss the sign of S . (b) How do plants carry out reactions that increase the number of carbon atoms in a sugar, given the changes in entropy for reactions like this?arrow_forwardDefine the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universearrow_forward
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