Chapter 18.10, Problem 14P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structures of the aminal and the imine products formed in the given reactions are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones contain carbonyl $\left(\text{C=O}\right)$ functional group in their parent chain. They are polar molecules due to the presence of an electronegative oxygen atom that tends to attract the electrons in the double bond closer to itself as compared to the carbon atom.

The oxygen acquires a partial negative charge and creates a partial positive charge on carbon atom. Aldehydes and ketones easily undergo nucleophilic addition reactions in which the nucleophile attacks at the carbonyl carbon atom.

The chemical compounds that consist of a carbon-nitrogen double bond $\left(\text{C}=\text{N}\right)$ in their structure are commonly known as imine.

The nucleophilic addition reaction of an amine to the carbonyl carbon atom results in the formation of hemiaminal intermediate which further on dehydration forms the imine product.