Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260494570
Author: Raven, Peter
Publisher: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION
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Chapter 18, Problem 7A
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The comparative proteomics study involves comparison between proteomes (entire proteins that can be expressed by cells) from different tissues or cells from different sets of conditions. The main goal of this is to analyze changes in proteome in response to disease, development or environment.
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Which description applies to alternative mRNA splicing?
1. heritable changes in gene expression that occur without altering the DNA sequence
2. processing of exons in mRNA that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins
3. mRNA modifications such as additions of a 5′‑cap and 3′ poly‑A tail and removal of introns
4. a gene cluster controlled by a single promoter that transcribes to a single mRNA strand
5. protein modifications such as addition of a functional group or structural changes such as folding
Answer 2 is correct.
A patient is diagnosed with lung cancer using imaging. To establish the best treatment
option, doctors ask to profile the gene expression of the tumor, using a biopsy and
microarray analysis. Describe the steps involved in the analysis in detail.
The analysis reveals that a new gene therapy could be beneficial to the patient. Explain
briefly how gene therapy could be used to cure cancer and detail how the treatment
can be formulated for delivery to the patient.
To prepare DNA for the gene therapy formulation, it is often important to measure the
size of the molecule. Explain how this measurement can be done using agarose gel
electrophoresis, taking care to detail the property of the DNA molecule at the basis of
the technique.
To generate large amounts of DNA to manufacture gene therapy payloads or to be
able to see them on gel electrophoresis, specific sequences can be amplified by PCR.
For a sequence of a 100 base pairs, calculate the number cycles of PCR required to
generate 1 ng of…
A. In what year was the National Bioethics Advisory Council formed?
B. The first mammal clone to be produced from an adult (somatic cell)?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.1 - Describe the pros and cons of restriction mapping,...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.2 - Discriminate between dideoxy terminator sequencing...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Describe the findings of the Human Genome Project.Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 18 - Prob. 1DACh. 18 - If the human genome contains approximately 3...Ch. 18 - Prob. 1IQCh. 18 - Prob. 2IQCh. 18 - Prob. 3IQCh. 18 - Prob. 4IQCh. 18 - Prob. 5IQCh. 18 - Prob. 6IQCh. 18 - A genetic map provides a. the sequence of the DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2UCh. 18 - Approximately how many genes are there in the...Ch. 18 - An open reading frame (ORF) is distinguished by...Ch. 18 - What is a BLAST search? a. A mechanism for...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6UCh. 18 - Prob. 7UCh. 18 - Prob. 8UCh. 18 - Prob. 1ACh. 18 - Prob. 2ACh. 18 - Prob. 3ACh. 18 - Prob. 4ACh. 18 - What information can be obtained from a DNA...Ch. 18 - Prob. 6ACh. 18 - Prob. 7ACh. 18 - You are in the early stages of a genome-sequencing...Ch. 18 - Genomic research can be used to determine if an...
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- A peptide is produced in two different cells. The primary structure is the same in both cells, but the amount of peptide is increased in one cell. What could be happening to the pre-mRNA or mRNA transcript within the cell that has the higher amount of this peptide? A. It has a shorter Poly-A tail B. An alternative polyadenylation (Poly-A) site is being selected C. Leaky scanning occurred D. B and C are both correct OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardBelow is a graphical representation of eukaryotic precursor mRNA. A. Outline each modification that must happen to get a mature m-RNA. B. How does the absence of introns in prokaryotic genes affect prokaryotic gene expression? C. How will gene expression be affected if all of the spliceosomes are removed from the bacteria sample? Explain.arrow_forwardWhat is the answer to this question?arrow_forward
- Wassif et al. created a mouse knockout of DHCR7 (7-dehydrocholesterol reductase) gene. A.) Which disease or medical problem did Wassif et al. want to tackle with this mouse knockout? (If you cannot remember you may describe it.) B.) How did the phenotype of their mouse model differ from those of patients who had mutations in DHCR7 gene? And how was it similar? C.) What is one reason to explain the differences between the DHCR7 mouse knockout model and human patients with the mutations in the DHCR7 gene OTHER THAN the fact that they are two different organisms with differences in their biology? D.) With your BIOL2299 expertise, assume you generate a mouse knockout model of a human disease. Imagine one real world outcome from your study which can be applied in a clinical setting to help patients with that disease. Answer in one or two sentences.arrow_forwardThe figure shows the position of two of these mutations a and b. The nucleotides are altered in these 2 different swo-1 mutant alleles. Use the genetic table to describe any AA changes.Name the type of mutation and describe its effect on swo-1 mRNA and protein for each of the mutations. 3. The swo-1 a mutation (insertion between C and G). 4. The swo-1 b mutation (C-to-T mutation for indicated C). 5. The swo-1 a mutation leads to worms with more body wall muscle, whereas worms with the swo-1 b mutation are not able to move. Based on these phenotypes and the findings from questions 3 and 4, describe the role thewild-type version of this protein plays in muscle function.arrow_forwardDesign a strategy to make a subtracted-complete cDNA library from liver cells. Use a flowchart method to propose how this objective can be accomplished. The sizes of mRNA range from 2 kb to 15 kb. Briefly indicate your reasons for the sequence of steps..arrow_forward
- Identify the best match between the mutation description and term. a. Transversion: results in a change in single nucleotide from a purine to another purine or a pyrimidine to another pyrimidine b. Nonsense mutation: a change in the DNA that changes the codon code from one amino acid to another amino acid c. Missense mutation: causes a drastic change in phenotype because the change causes a premature stop in the amino acid sequence d. Indel: has the potential to cause large changes in transcription and subsequence amino acid sequence due to reading frameshiftsarrow_forwardGiven: eukaryotic cells can make different proteins, using only one gene. How can a eukaryotic cell make different final proteins from the same gene? Note: some of the answers are actually correct statements, but they don't have anything to do with this question. A.Eukaryotes have 3 RNA polymerases instead of just one. B.Eukaryotes cannot perform simultaneous transcription and translation. C.Eukaryotes splice RNA and can do so in various arrangements. D.Eukaryotes lack the Shine Delgarno sequence.arrow_forwardThe abundance of three mRNA transcripts, transcripts A, B, and C, was measured by real-time PCR. The average CT values were 14.6, 20.2, and 10.5 for transcripts A, B, and C, respectively. Determine the relative order of abundance of the transcripts. Name one technique that could be used to confirm that the order of abundance at the mRNA transcript level is reflected at the protein level.arrow_forward
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