Chapter 18, Problem 46CI

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The template strand for the normal DNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

DNA is a polynucleotide composed of many nucleotides. The nitrogen bases present in the DNAare adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. The adenine and the guanine are purines, whereas,the cytosine and thymine are pyrimidines. A purine must bind to a pyrimidine to maintain aproper width. The adenine always binds to thymine and guanine always bind to cytosine. Thecodon is the triplet which code for a single amino acid.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mRNA strand for the normal DNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In the RNA molecule, instead of the thymine base, uracil is present. Hence, the complementarybase pair to the adenine would be uracil would in the mRNA. During the process of transcription,the mRNA would form the complementary strand of the template strand.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino acid coded by the normal mRNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In the process of translation, the genetic sequence is read in the form of triplets, each triplet codes for an amino acid. There are 4 codons, AUG is start codon and three codons UGA, UAAand UAG do not code for any amino acid, they are stop codons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The order of the DNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The codon is the triplets of the nucleotides, which code a specific amino acid. For each aminoacid, a codon is specific and any changes, even in a single amino acid can lead to mutation andchange in the amino acid coded by the codon.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The template strand for the mutated DNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The codon is the triplets of the nucleotides, which code a specific amino acid. For each aminoacid, a codon is specific and any changes, even in a single amino acid can lead to mutation andchange in the amino acid coded by the codon.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mRNA sequence for the mutated DNA strand should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The codon is the triplets of the nucleotides, which code a specific amino acid. For each aminoacid, a codon is specific and any changes, even in a single amino acid can lead to mutation andchange in the amino acid coded by the codon.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amino for the mutated mRNA sequence should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

In the process of translation, the genetic sequence is read in the form of triplets, each triplet codes for an amino acid. There are total 4 codons, AUG is start codon and three codons UGA, UAAand UAG do not code for any amino acid, they are stop codon.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The changes in the property of the bet strand due to the change in the amino acid sequence should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Each amino acid has its unique property according to the R group present in them. The changes in the amino acid sequence change the property of the entire protein.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The level of the hemoglobin affected by the changes in the beta sequence should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Each amino acid has its unique property according to the R group present in them. The changes in the amino acid sequence change the property of the entire protein.