Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 44GQ
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Chapter 18 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 18.1 - 1. A process is spontaneous in the direction that...Ch. 18.1 - A process that is reactant-favored at equilibrium...Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 3RCCh. 18.2 - In a spontaneous process, S(universe) is (a) 0 (b)...Ch. 18.2 - 2. Which of the following is true for a...Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 3RCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 1RCCh. 18.3 - Prob. 2RCCh. 18.4 - Predict which substance in each pair has the...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 2CYU
Ch. 18.4 - Without looking up their standard entropies in...Ch. 18.4 - Without doing any calculations, predict the sign...Ch. 18.4 - Calculate rS for the following reaction at 25 C....Ch. 18.5 - Based on rH and rS, predict the spontaneity of the...Ch. 18.5 - Prob. 1RCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 18.5 - Prob. 3RCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 18.6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 18.7 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 18.7 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 18.7 - Oxygen was first prepared by Joseph Priestley...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 4CYUCh. 18.7 - Prob. 5CYUCh. 18.7 - Prob. 6CYUCh. 18.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 18.7 - Prob. 2RCCh. 18.7 - Prob. 3RCCh. 18.7 - Consider the hydrolysis reactions of creatine...Ch. 18.7 - Prob. 2QCh. 18.A - The decomposition of diamond to graphite...Ch. 18.A - It has been demonstrated that buckminsterfullerene...Ch. 18 - Which substance has the higher entropy? (a) dry...Ch. 18 - Which substance has the higher entropy? (a) a...Ch. 18 - Use S values to calculate the standard entropy...Ch. 18 - Use S values to calculate the standard entropy...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Calculate the standard entropy change for the...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction Si(s) + 2 Cl2(g) SiCl4(g)...Ch. 18 - Is the reaction Si(s) + 2 H2(g) SiH4(g)...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(universe) for the decomposition of 1...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(universe) for the formation of 1 mol...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the reactions according to one of...Ch. 18 - Classify each of the reactions according to one of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate rG for each of...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate the standard...Ch. 18 - Using values of fH and S, calculate the standard...Ch. 18 - Using values of fG, calculate rG for each of the...Ch. 18 - Using values of fG, calculate rG for each of the...Ch. 18 - For the reaction BaCO3(s) BaO(s) + CO2(g), rG =...Ch. 18 - For the reaction TiCl2(s) + Cl2(g) TiCl4(), rG =...Ch. 18 - Determine whether the reactions listed below are...Ch. 18 - Determine whether the reactions listed below are...Ch. 18 - Heating some metal carbonates, among them...Ch. 18 - Calculate rH and rS for the reaction of tin(IV)...Ch. 18 - The standard free energy change, rG, for the...Ch. 18 - Prob. 28PSCh. 18 - Calculate rG at 25 C for the formation of 1.00 mol...Ch. 18 - Prob. 30PSCh. 18 - Prob. 31PSCh. 18 - Prob. 32PSCh. 18 - Compare the compounds in each set below and decide...Ch. 18 - Using standard entropy values, calculate rS for...Ch. 18 - About 5 billion kilograms of benzene, C6H6, are...Ch. 18 - Hydrogenation, the addition of hydrogen to an...Ch. 18 - Is the combustion of ethane, C2H6, product-favored...Ch. 18 - Prob. 38GQCh. 18 - When vapors from hydrochloric acid and aqueous...Ch. 18 - Calculate S(system), S(surroundings), and...Ch. 18 - Methanol is now widely used as a fuel in race...Ch. 18 - The enthalpy of vaporization of liquid diethyl...Ch. 18 - Calculate the entropy change, rS, for the...Ch. 18 - Using thermodynamic data, estimate the normal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 45GQCh. 18 - When calcium carbonate is heated strongly, CO2 gas...Ch. 18 - Sodium reacts violently with water according to...Ch. 18 - Yeast can produce ethanol by the fermentation of...Ch. 18 - Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can...Ch. 18 - Prob. 50GQCh. 18 - Prob. 51GQCh. 18 - Estimate the boiling point of water in Denver,...Ch. 18 - The equilibrium constant for the butane ...Ch. 18 - A crucial reaction for the production of synthetic...Ch. 18 - Calculate rG for the decomposition of sulfur...Ch. 18 - Prob. 56GQCh. 18 - A cave in Mexico was recently discovered to have...Ch. 18 - Wet limestone is used to scrub SO2 gas from the...Ch. 18 - Sulfur undergoes a phase transition between 80 and...Ch. 18 - Calculate the entropy change for dissolving HCl...Ch. 18 - Some metal oxides can be decomposed to the metal...Ch. 18 - Prob. 62ILCh. 18 - Prob. 63ILCh. 18 - Prob. 64ILCh. 18 - Titanium(IV) oxide is converted to titanium...Ch. 18 - Cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)] is a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 67SCQCh. 18 - Explain why each of the following statements is...Ch. 18 - Decide whether each of the following statements is...Ch. 18 - Under what conditions is the entropy of a pure...Ch. 18 - Prob. 71SCQCh. 18 - Consider the formation of NO(g) from its elements....Ch. 18 - Prob. 73SCQCh. 18 - The normal melting point of benzene, C6H6, is 5.5...Ch. 18 - Prob. 75SCQCh. 18 - For each of the following processes, predict the...Ch. 18 - Heater Meals are food packages that contain their...Ch. 18 - Prob. 78SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 79SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 80SCQCh. 18 - Iodine, I2, dissolves readily in carbon...Ch. 18 - Prob. 82SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 83SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 84SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 85SCQCh. 18 - Prob. 86SCQCh. 18 - The Haber-Bosch process for the production of...Ch. 18 - Prob. 88SCQ
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- What is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardWhen (if ever) are high temperatures unfavorable to a reaction thermodynamically?arrow_forwardIndicate whether each statement below is true or false. If a statement is false, rewrite it to produce a closely related statement that is true. For a given reaction, the magnitude of the equilibrium constant is independent of temperature. If there is an increase in entropy and a decrease in enthalpy when reactants in their standard states are converted to products in their standard states, the equilibrium constant for the reaction must be negative. The equilibrium constant for the reverse of a reaction is the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant for the reaction itself. For the reaction H2O2(ℓ) ⇌ H2O(ℓ) + O2(g) the equilibrium constant is one half the magnitude of the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2H2O2(ℓ) ⇌ 2H2O(ℓ) + O2(g)arrow_forward
- Industrially, methanol is synthesized using the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) CH3OH(g) Calculate the equilibrium constant at 298 K. ΔGfo CO(g) = −137.2 kJ/mol; ΔGfo H2 (g)= 0 ; ΔGfo CH3OH(g) = -162 kJ/molarrow_forwardFor a certain chemical reaction, the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is -104. kJ. Calculate the temperature at which the equilibrium constant Round your answer to the nearest degree. 團 ?.arrow_forwardFor a certain chemical reaction, the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction is - 149. kJ. Calculate the temperature at which the equilibrium constant K = 1.3 × 1026. Round your answer to the nearest degree. T=arrow_forward
- 14. In the reaction 2NO, (g) + energy 2NO (g) + 0, (g), what shift would occur if more oxygen gas were added to the closed system? Why? 15. How many total moles of reactants and how many total moles of products are in the reaction 2NO, (g) + energy 2NO (g) + O2 (g)? 16. If the pressure of the reaction system of 2No, (g) + energy 2NO (g) + 0, (g) is increased, the pressure is decreased, the favored. (forward or reverse) reaction will be favored. If the (forward or reverse) reaction will bearrow_forward6. The normal boiling point of rhothanol is 70 °C. Given that the vapor pressure of rhothanol is 68.6 torr at 16.8 °C, calculate the molar enthalpy of vaporization of rhothanol.arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a compound that provides energy for biomechanical reactions in the body when it undergoes hydrolysis. For the hydrolysis of ATP at 37 °C (normal body temperature), AH; = -20.0 kJ-mol- and AS; = +34.0 J-K.mol. Assuming that these quantities are independent of temperature, calculate the temperature above which the equilibrium constant for the hydrolysis of ATP becomes greater than one. T = K Question Source: Atkins 7e - Chemical Principles| Publisher: W.H. Freeman 11:38 PM 4/5/2022 全 D DELL Home End Delete PrtScr Insert F12 F10 F11 K4 F8 F9 F7 F4 F5 F6 Back 7 Uarrow_forward
- Consider the following reaction at 298 K. 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO 3(g) An equilibrium mixture contains O₂(g) and SO3(g) at partial pressures of 0.58 atm and 2.6 atm, respectively. Using data from the Thermodynamic Data table, determine the equilibrium partial pressure of SO₂ in the mixture. atm Will this reaction be most favored at a high or a low temperature, assuming standard conditions? Ohigh temperature O low temperaturearrow_forwardConsider the following reaction at 298 K. 2 SO₂(g) + O₂(g) → 2 SO 3(g) An equilibrium mixture contains O₂(g) and SO3(g) at partial pressures of 0.57 atm and 2.5 atm, respectively. Using data from the Thermodynamic Data table, determine the equilibrium partial pressure of SO₂ in the mixture. atm Will this reaction be most favored at a high or a low temperature, assuming standard conditions? O high temperature O low temperaturearrow_forwardUp, down or centerarrow_forward
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