Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190259204
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1Q
Summary Introduction
To review:
The comparison between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication processes.
Introduction:
Replication is the process through which two identical copies of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) molecule is produced. It is a common process in all the living organisms. DNA is the biological molecule, which is passed on from one generation to another.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
There are several similarities and differences between the replication processes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes because of the differences in the complexity and the size of DNA molecules. The differences in the replication of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are as follows:
| Replication in prokaryotes | Replication in eukaryotes |
| In prokaryotes, there is single origin of replication. | In eukaryotes, there are multiple origins of replication. |
| Replication takes place in opposite directions. | Replication takes place in a single direction. |
| There are fivetypes of prokaryotic DNA polymerases. | There are 15 types of eukaryotic polymerases. |
| Replication in prokaryotes takes place at a faster pace. | Replication takes place slowly in eukaryotes. |
| Prokaryotes do not have different enzymes for the synthesis of ends. | Eukaryotes have different enzymes and process for replicating the ends of chromosomes. |
| Replication takes place continuously. | Replication takes place in the S(synthesis) phase of the cell cycle only. |
| Replication takes place in the cytoplasm. | Replication in eukaryotes takes place in the nucleus. |
| DNA gyrase is required for releasing supercoiling. | DNA gyrase is not required. |
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that there are several differences in the replication process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, such as replication in prokaryotes takes place in the cytoplasm and takes place continuously, whereas in eukaryotes, replication takes place in the nucleus and occurs in S phase. There are fivepolymerases in prokaryotes, whereas in eukaryotes, there are 15 polymerases. DNA gyrase is required in prokaryotes. There are multiple origins of replication in eukaryotes, whereas there is single origin of replication.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
9. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from
the following reaction sequence, starting with ethyl acetoacetate?
요요.
1. NaOCH2CH3
CH3CH2OH
1. NaOH, H₂O
2. H3O+
3. A
OCH2CH3
2.
ethyl acetoacetate
ii
A
3. H3O+
OH
B
C
D
E
7. Only one of the following ketones cannot be made via an acetoacetic ester
synthesis. Which one is it?
Ph
کہ
A
B
C
D
E
2. Which one is the
major organic
product obtained
from the following
reaction sequence?
HO
A
OH
1. NaOEt, EtOH
1. LiAlH4
EtO
OEt
2. H3O+
2. H3O+
OH
B
OH
OH
C
-OH
HO
-OH
OH
D
E
.CO₂Et
Chapter 18 Solutions
Biochemistry, The Molecular Basis of Life, 6th Edition
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QCh. 18 - Prob. 2QCh. 18 - Prob. 3QCh. 18 - Prob. 4QCh. 18 - Prob. 5QCh. 18 - Prob. 1RQCh. 18 - Prob. 2RQCh. 18 - Prob. 3RQCh. 18 - Prob. 4RQCh. 18 - Prob. 5RQ
Ch. 18 - Prob. 6RQCh. 18 - Prob. 7RQCh. 18 - Prob. 8RQCh. 18 - Prob. 9RQCh. 18 - Prob. 10RQCh. 18 - Prob. 11RQCh. 18 - Prob. 12RQCh. 18 - Prob. 13RQCh. 18 - Prob. 14RQCh. 18 - Prob. 15RQCh. 18 - Prob. 16RQCh. 18 - Prob. 17RQCh. 18 - Prob. 18RQCh. 18 - Prob. 19RQCh. 18 - Prob. 20RQCh. 18 - Prob. 21RQCh. 18 - Prob. 22RQCh. 18 - Prob. 23RQCh. 18 - Prob. 24RQCh. 18 - Prob. 25RQCh. 18 - Prob. 26RQCh. 18 - Prob. 27RQCh. 18 - Prob. 28RQCh. 18 - Prob. 29RQCh. 18 - Prob. 30RQCh. 18 - Prob. 31RQCh. 18 - Prob. 32RQCh. 18 - Prob. 33RQCh. 18 - Prob. 34RQCh. 18 - Prob. 35RQCh. 18 - Prob. 36RQCh. 18 - Prob. 37RQCh. 18 - Prob. 38RQCh. 18 - Prob. 39RQCh. 18 - Prob. 40RQCh. 18 - Prob. 41RQCh. 18 - Prob. 42RQCh. 18 - Prob. 43RQCh. 18 - Prob. 44RQCh. 18 - Prob. 45RQCh. 18 - Prob. 46RQCh. 18 - Prob. 47FBCh. 18 - Prob. 48FBCh. 18 - Prob. 49FBCh. 18 - Prob. 50FBCh. 18 - Prob. 51FBCh. 18 - Prob. 52FBCh. 18 - Prob. 53FBCh. 18 - Prob. 54FBCh. 18 - Prob. 55FBCh. 18 - Prob. 56FBCh. 18 - Prob. 57SACh. 18 - Prob. 58SACh. 18 - Prob. 59SACh. 18 - Prob. 60SACh. 18 - Prob. 61SACh. 18 - Prob. 62TQCh. 18 - Prob. 63TQCh. 18 - Prob. 64TQCh. 18 - Prob. 65TQCh. 18 - Prob. 66TQCh. 18 - Prob. 67TQCh. 18 - Prob. 68TQCh. 18 - Prob. 69TQCh. 18 - Prob. 70TQCh. 18 - Prob. 71TQCh. 18 - Prob. 72TQCh. 18 - Prob. 73TQCh. 18 - Prob. 74TQCh. 18 - Prob. 75TQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- what is a protein that contains a b-sheet and how does the secondary structure contributes to the overall function of the protein.arrow_forwarddraw and annotate a b-sheet and lable the hydrogen bonding. what is an example that contains the b-sheet and how the secondary structure contributes to the overall function of your example protein.arrow_forwardFour distinct classes of interactions (inter and intramolecular forces) contribute to a protein's tertiary and quaternary structures. Name the interaction then describe the amino acids that can form this type of interaction. Draw and annotate a diagram of the interaction between two amino acids.arrow_forward
- Examine the metabolic pathway. The enzymes that catalyze each step are identified as "e" with a numeric subscript. e₁ e3 e4 A B с 1° B' 02 e5 e6 e7 E F Which enzymes catalyze irreversible reactions? ப e ez ☐ ez e4 ☐ ப es 26 5 e7 Which of the enzymes is likely to be the allosteric enzyme that controls the synthesis of G? €2 ез e4 es 26 5 e7arrow_forwardAn allosteric enzyme that follows the concerted model has an allosteric coefficient (T/R) of 300 in the absence of substrate. Suppose that a mutation reversed the ratio. Select the effects this mutation will have on the relationship between the rate of the reaction (V) and substrate concentration, [S]. ㅁㅁㅁ The enzyme would likely follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The plot of V versus [S] would be sigmoidal. The enzyme would mostly be in the T form. The plot of V versus [S] would be hyperbolic. The enzyme would be more active.arrow_forwardPenicillin is hydrolyzed and thereby rendered inactive by penicillinase (also known as ẞ-lactamase), an enzyme present in some penicillin-resistant bacteria. The mass of this enzyme in Staphylococcus aureus is 29.6 kDa. The amount of penicillin hydrolyzed in 1 minute in a 10.0 mL. solution containing 1.00 x 10 g of purified penicillinase was measured as a function of the concentration of penicillin. Assume that the concentration of penicillin does not change appreciably during the assay. Plots of V versus [S] and 1/V versus 1/[S] for these data are shown. Vo (* 10 M minute"¹) 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 20 1.0 0.0 о 10 20 30 1/Vo (* 10 M1 minute) 20 103 90 BO 70 50 [S] (* 100 M) 40 50 60 y=762x+1.46 × 10" [Penicillin] (M) Amount hydrolyzed (uM) 1 0.11 3 0.25 5 0.34 10 0.45 30 0.58 50 0.61arrow_forward
- Consider the four graphs shown. In each graph, the solid blue curve represents the unmodified allosteric enzyme and the dashed green curve represents the enzyme in the presence of the effector. Identify which graphs correctly illustrate the effect of a negative modifier (allosteric inhibitor) and a positive modifier (allosteric activator) on the velocity curve of an allosteric enzyme. Place the correct graph in the set of axes for each type of modifier. Negative modifier Reaction velocity - Positive modifier Substrate concentration - Reaction velocity →→→→ Substrate concentration Answer Bankarrow_forwardConsider the reaction: phosphoglucoisomerase Glucose 6-phosphate: glucose 1-phosphate After reactant and product were mixed and allowed to reach at 25 °C, the concentration of each compound at equilibrium was measured: [Glucose 1-phosphate] = 0.01 M [Glucose 6-phosphate] = 0.19 M Calculate Keq and AG°'. Код .0526 Incorrect Answer 7.30 AG°' kJ mol-1 Incorrect Answerarrow_forwardClassify each phrase as describing kinases, phosphatases, neither, or both. Kinases Phosphatases Neither Both Answer Bank transfer phosphoryl groups to acidic amino acids in eukaryotes may use ATP as a phosphoryl group donor remove phosphoryl groups from proteins catalyze reactions that are the reverse of dephosphorylation reactions regulate the activity of other proteins catalyze phosphorylation reactions PKA as an example turn off signaling pathways triggered by kinasesarrow_forward
- Consider the reaction. kp S P kg What effects are produced by an enzyme on the general reaction? AG for the reaction increases. The rate constant for the reverse reaction (kr) increases. The reaction equilibrium is shifted toward the products. The concentration of the reactants is increased. The activation energy for the reaction is lowered. The formation of the transition state is promoted.arrow_forwardThe graph displays the activities of wild-type and several mutated forms of subtilisin on a logarithmic scale. The mutations are identified as: • The first letter is the one-letter abbreviation for the amino acid being altered. • The number identifies the position of the residue in the primary structure. ⚫ The second letter is the one-letter abbreviation for the amino acid replacing the original one. • Uncat. refers to the estimated rate for the uncatalyzed reaction. Log₁(S-1) Wild type S221A H64A -5 D32A S221A H64A D32A -10 Uncat. How would the activity of a reaction catalyzed by a version of subtilisin with all three residues in the catalytic triad mutated compare to the activity of the uncatalyzed reaction? It would have more activity, because the reaction catalyzed by the triple mutant is approximately three-fold faster than the uncatalyzed reaction. It would have less activity, because the reaction catalyzed by the triple mutant is approximately 1000-fold slower than the…arrow_forwardB Substrate Product AL Product Substrate Reaction progress- Reaction progress- omplete the passage describing the two reactions. In reaction A, the stability of the substrate is (AG) of the reaction is positive, Incorrect Answer greater than the stability of the product. The free-energy change Incorrect Answer so the reaction is considered In reaction B, the stability of the substrate is (AG) of the reaction is less than Incorrect Answer endergonic and Incorrect Answer not spontaneous. Incorrect Answer the stability of the product. The free-energy change negative, so the reaction is considered Incorrect Answer exergonic and spontaneous. Incorrect Answer Incorrect Answerarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Human Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305112100
Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781337392938
Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY