EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134326436
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON CO
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 1AWK
Why do you suppose that the death rate from lung cancer has increased much more in women than in men over the past 35 years? What information would you like to have that might support or disprove your hypothesis?
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A survey of Canadian males was performed in during the 1980s. 52% of adult males smoked. The lifetime probability of getting lung cancer in male smokers was 17.2% compared to 1.3% in non-smoking males.
c)Use your probability tree to calculate the following:
An elderly Canadian male developed cancer
What is the probability that he smoked?
Pr[smoke | cancer] = ?
pls help me with the following and explain. thank you
The following table was taken from a paper published in 1939. The authors
established the smoking habits of 172 men, half of whom had been diagnosed with
lung cancer and half of whom were healthy. This was one of the very first studies
which sought to establish whether a link existed between exposure to tobacco and
lung cancer.
Lung cancer cases
Healthy men
Heavy
smokers
56
31
Light
smokers
27
41
Non-
smokers
3
14
Total
86
86
1. What can you conclude about the smoking habits of the general population from
these results?
2. What proportion of lung cancer cases were heavy smokers? What proportion of
healthy men were heavy smokers?
3. On the basis of a comparison of the proportions in Q2, do you consider that a
reasonable doctor in 1939 who had read the paper should have advised his
patients not to smoke?
4. What information would you need to estimate the extent to which the health
of the population is affected by smoking?
In a study, where the causal relationship between alcohol drinking and colon cancer was studied, there were 2000 people who consume alcohol and there were 2000 people who do not consume alcohol. These populations were followed up for 10 years and after the following period there were 280 people who had colon cancer in alcohol drinker group, compared with 100 people having colon cancer in the non-drinker group.
(e) Interpret your finding in the question What was the relative risk of having colon cancer risk in alcohol drinkers (what does the relative risk you found out)? explain in great detail
Chapter 18 Solutions
EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
Ch. 18 - Prob. 1QCCh. 18 - Prob. 2QCCh. 18 - Prob. 3QCCh. 18 - Compare and contrast a benign tumor and a...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2CRCh. 18 - Prob. 3CRCh. 18 - Explain why we have not yet made much progress...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5CRCh. 18 - Prob. 6CRCh. 18 - Prob. 7CR
Ch. 18 -
8. Describe how tumors are diagnosed.
Ch. 18 - Prob. 9CRCh. 18 - Prob. 10CRCh. 18 - Prob. 1TYCh. 18 - Prob. 2TYCh. 18 - Prob. 3TYCh. 18 -
4. Which of the following statements regarding...Ch. 18 - Prob. 5TYCh. 18 - Prob. 6TYCh. 18 - Which of the following cancer treatments would be...Ch. 18 - Prob. 8TYCh. 18 - Prob. 9TYCh. 18 -
10. The ABCD rule refers to the evaluation of:
a....Ch. 18 - The most common cause(s) of cancer deaths in the...Ch. 18 - Which of the following statements about breast...Ch. 18 - Prob. 13TYCh. 18 - Prob. 14TYCh. 18 - Prob. 15TYCh. 18 -
1. Why do you suppose that the death rate from...Ch. 18 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 18 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 18 - Common therapies for cancer include chemotherapy...Ch. 18 - The first cancer that can be nearly completely...
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- Two cities each had a population of 1,000,000 in 2010, with the same number of lung cancer-related deaths occurring in the year. Although the prevalence of smoking was 40% for each city, the number of all-cause deaths in Jones Country was a third of that for Bryanville. If the number of all-cause deaths in Jones Country was 50 with 8% of them associated with lung cancer. What is the proportionate mortality ratio for lung cancer deaths for Jones Country (compared) to Bryanville? Answer to 1 decimal place.arrow_forwardhe first involved an assessment of the relationship between cigarette smoking and incidence of lung cancer. For cigarette smokers, the lung cancer incidence rate was Ie = 200 per 100,000. For nonsmokers, the lung cancer incidence rate was Io = 25 per 100,000. The lung cancer incidence rate in the entire population was It = 100 per 100,000. The second study involved an assessment of the relationship between cigarette smoking and incidence of coronary heart disease. For cigarette smokers, the coronary heart disease incidence rate was Ie = 500 per 100,000. For nonsmokers, it was Io = 250 per 100,000. In the overall population, the coronary heart disease rate was It = 300. 1. What is relative risk the of developing lung cancer in the first study and of developing coronary heart disease in the second study? Interpret. 2. From the data involving cigarette smoking and lung cancer incidence, what are the attributable risk and the attributable-risk percent? Interpret the result. 3. From the…arrow_forwardTwo groups of participants read a description of a person called Mark, who was described as shy, introverted and good at mathematics. They were asked how likely each of the following statements were: a) That Mark is male; and b) That Mark is male and works as a software engineer. The group rated b) as more likely than a). In reality a) is more likely than b) because given his name, Mark has a very high probability of being a man. The combined probability of him being both a man and a software engineer must of course be lower. Why did the participants make this mistake, and what does this tell us about the way in which human beings make judgements about peoplearrow_forward
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