Concept explainers
To review:
The useful of knowing the family history about particular cancer and the genes one inherit.
Introduction:
Cancer is deadly and spread to various other body parts of the body. Cancer vaccines help to get rid of the virus that helps in the multiplication of cancerous cells by helping our immune system to fight against the diseases by recognizing the foreign substances. As a treatment, chemotherapy and radiation therapy is given to the patient to suppress the tumor cells.
All the features that one has are due to the genes inherited by the parents. Other than the features like hair color, eyes some genes inherited also make us vulnerable to the diseases. Family history plays an important role in the identification of risk of particular cancers.
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EP HUMAN BIOLOGY-MODIFIED MASTERING
- The following family has a history of inherited breast cancer. Betty (grandmother) does not carry the gene. Don, her husband, does. Dons mother and sister had breast cancer. One of Betty and Dons daughters (Sarah) has breast cancer; the other (Karen) does not. Sarahs daughters are in their 30s. Dawn, 33, has breast cancer; Debbie, 31, does not. Debbie is wondering if she will get the disease because she looks like her mother. Dawn is wondering if her 2-year-old daughter (Nicole) will get the disease. a. Draw a pedigree indicating affected individuals and identify all individuals. b. What is the most likely mode of inheritance of this trait? c. What are Dons genotype and phenotype? d. What is the genotype of the unaffected women (Betty and Karen)? e. A genetic marker has been found that maps very close to the gene. Given the following marker data for chromosomes 4 and 17, which chromosome does this gene map to? f. Using the same genetic marker, Debbie and Nicole were tested. The results are shown in the following figure. Based on their genotypes, is either of them at increased risk for breast cancer?arrow_forwardIf your father were diagnosed with an inherited disease that develops around the age of 50, would you want to be tested to find out whether you would develop this disease? If so, when would you want to be tested? As a teenager or sometime in your 40s? If not, would you have children?arrow_forwardMr. and Mrs. XYZ are suffering with the lungs and breast cancer, respectively. Mr. ABC is interested to tie in knot with their daughter, but afraid of her possibility to inherit cancer. What will you suggest to Mr. ABC in this matter? Furthermore, predict what are the chances of inheritance of cancer disease, if possible. In your opinion what could be the non-genetic causes of Cancers.arrow_forward
- Suppose that a female with the mutation (i.e., a heterozygous female) mates with a healthy male (the male’s genotype is homozygous recessive). What is the probability that their child has an increased susceptibility to breast cancer?please show punnett square alsoarrow_forwardDo you agree or disagree why? I think this topic is sort of tricky and I still can't decide if I feel like we should allow this. I think there many good pros as well as cons when it comes to changing a babies genes and traits. I understand why people would want to make sure their baby is born healthy and doesn't have any diseases like Alzheimers or Huntington's disease. At the same time, I am a big believer in the idea that everything happens for a reason so part of my feels like it is wrong to alter a baby because you never know what life could've been like. ( I hope what I am trying to say makes sense) There is also that risk of the baby getting more sick and other things happening which makes me feel like it is not worth the risk to alter them. In the article I read it mentions how this can make people superior to others which I also think will cause some problems in the future.arrow_forwardHereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. This excess iron is stored in the body's tissues and organs, particularly the skin, heart, liver, pancreas, and joints. Because humans cannot increase the excretion of iron, excess iron can overload and eventually damage tissues and organs. A young couple, Bart and Jenny, are expecting a child and are aware there might be a chance that their child could be affected by this disorder. Jenny (the wife) has ichthyosis, but Bart (her husband) is unaffected and completely normal with respect to the allele responsible for this disorder. Both Bart and Jenny were Biology majors as undergraduates. Knowing a little about the pattern of X-linked recessive inheritance, Bart and Jenny were concerned when ultrasound revealed that they would be having a son. However, genetic testing performed on the baby shortly after birth revealed that their newborn son, Mark, did not…arrow_forward
- Bob says that he is healthy and has no genetic diseases such as hemophilia or Down syndrome. Therefore, he says, genetics plays little role in his life. Do you think Bob is correct in his conclusion? Why or why not?arrow_forwardWould you use gene therapy to enhance your basic traits such as height, intelligence and athletic ability? Why or why not?arrow_forwardIf diseases such as cardiovascular disease (hypertension and atherosclerosis) are familial, is this an indication that there is a genetic contribution to these traits? What would you do to confirm that genetics is involved in this condition?arrow_forward
- Should he go ahead and enroll on the chance that he would receive the DNA vaccine and that it would be more effective than chemotherapy? Bruce and his parents moved to a semi-tropical region of the United States when he was about 3 years old. He loved to be outside year-round and swim, surf, snorkel, and play baseball. Bruce was fair-skinned, and in his childhood years, was sunburned quite often. In his teen years, he began using sunscreens, and although he never tanned very much, he did not have the painful sunburns of his younger years. After graduation from the local community college, Bruce wanted an outdoor job and was hired at a dive shop. He took people out to one of the local reefs to snorkel and scuba dive. He didnt give a second thought to sun exposure because he used sunscreen. His employer did not provide health insurance, so Bruce did not go for annual checkups, and tried to stay in good health. In his late 20s, Bruce was injured trying to keep a tourist from getting caught between the dive boat and the dock. He went to an internist, who treated his injury and told Bruce he was going to give him a complete physical exam. During the exam, the internist noticed a discolored patch of skin on Bruces back. She told him that she suspected Bruce had skin cancer and referred him to a dermatologist, who biopsied the patch. At a follow-up visit, Bruce was told that he had melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. Further testing revealed that the melanoma had spread to his liver and his lungs. The dermatologist explained that treatment options at this stage are limited. The drugs available for chemotherapy have only temporary effects, and surgery is not effective for melanoma at this stage. The dermatologist recommended that Bruce consider entering a clinical trial that was testing a DNA vaccine for melanoma treatment. These vaccines deliver DNA encoding a gene expressed by the cancer cells to the immune system. This primes the immune system to respond by producing large quantities of antibodies that destroy melanoma cells wherever they occur in the body. A clinical trial using one such DNA vaccine was being conducted at a nearby medical center, and Bruce decided to participate. At the study clinic, Bruce learned that he would be in a Phase Ill trial, comparing the DNA vaccine against the standard treatment, which is chemotherapy, and that he would be randomly assigned to receive either the DNA vaccine or the chemotherapy. He was disappointed to learn this. He thought he would be receiving the DNA vaccine.arrow_forwardHereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from the diet. This excess iron is stored in the body's tissues and organs, particularly the skin, heart, liver, pancreas, and joints. Because humans cannot increase the excretion of iron, excess iron can overload and eventually damage tissues and organs. Anthony and Melinda met at a support group for individuals who have hereditary hemochromatosis. They were advised by their genetic counselor that it would be risky to have children, since both of them are homozygous for the same recessive allele that causes this condition. Nevertheless, they decided to have a child together. During Melinda’s pregnancy, amniocentesis and genetic testing were performed, and it was confirmed the fetus was homozygous for the hereditary hemochromatosis allele. At birth, the baby appeared completely normal, and as the child continued to grow and mature, the couple were surprised that he seemed…arrow_forwardJonah and Jana are siblings. Jonah has the genetic disorder cystic fibrosis, caused by inheriting two mutant alleles of the CFTR gene (the gene that when mutant causes cystic fibrosis) - one allele was inherited from each parent. Jana does not have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following statements is/are true? Jana does not have the CFTR gene. Jana has two copies of the CFTR gene. Jana has at least one copy of the non-mutant allele of the CFTR gene. Jana has two copies of the mutant allele of the CFTR gene.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning