(a)
Interpretation:
The definition of standard free-energy change should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The relation of total entropy is as follows:
ΔStotal=ΔSsystem+ΔSsurroundings
The second law of
(b)
Interpretation:
The definition for standard free-energy of formation should be determined.
Concept introduction:
The relation of total entropy is as follows:
ΔStotal=ΔSsystem+ΔSsurroundings
The second law of thermodynamics gives criteria for spontaneity. It states that when the sign of total entropy change is positive, the reaction is spontaneous. When the sign of ΔStotal is negative, the reaction is nonspontaneous. Also, all reactions are at equilibrium when total entropy change is equal to 0.
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