(a)
Interpretation:
The chemical equation for the reaction needs to be balanced in basic solution.
Concept introduction:
An equation for a
For any
To balance the chemical equation in acid medium, initially atoms other than oxygen and hydrogen are balanced. After that oxygen atoms are balanced by adding on the side with lesser number of O atoms. The hydrogen atoms are balanced by adding ions.
For basic solution, add to both side of the reaction equal to the ions in order to neutralize it.
(b)
Interpretation:
The value of for the reaction needs to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
For a general reaction as follows:
The change in Gibbs free energy of reaction can be calculated as follows:
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the given reaction is spontaneous or non-spontaneous needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The given reaction is said to be spontaneous if the value of is negative and it is non- spontaneous if the value of is positive.
(d)
Interpretation:
The value of pH required for the reaction to exist in equilibrium needs to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The pH of the solution can be calculated from pOH as follows:
Also,
Here, is concentration of hydroxide ion.
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CHEMISTRY-TEXT
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