The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified. Concept introduction: Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below, Nomenclature of carboxylic acid : Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain. Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first. Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. Naming of compounds with two functional groups . If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix. Class Suffix name Prefix name Carboxylic acid -oic acid Carboxy Ester -oate Alkoxy carbonyl Amide -amide Amido Nitrile -ntrile Cyano Aldehyde -al Oxo(=O) Aldehyde -al Formyl(-CH=O) Ketone -one Oxo(=O) Alcohol -ol Hydroxy Amine -amine Amino Alkene -ene Alkenyl Alkyne -yne Alkynyl Alkane -ane Alkyl Ether --- Alkoxy Alkylhalide --- Halo R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules. The CIP rules are as follows: Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it. If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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a. The change in the Gibbs energy of a certain constant pressure process is found to fit the expression: AG-85.1 J mol −1 +36.5 J mol ¹K-1 × T A. Calculate the value of AS for the process. B. Next, use the Gibbs-Helmholtz equation: (a(AG/T)) ΔΗ - T2 to calculate the value of AH for the process.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer 6

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer 7

Chapter 17.2, Problem 17.1P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups.

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

E-Z designators are used as like cis-trans terminology for non-similar groups attached alkenes.

In E-Z designations, the groups attached to vinylic positions are checked by their priority on the basis of higher molecular weight. If the higher priority groups are on the same sides, then the configuration is designated as Z. If the higher priority groups are on the opposite sides, then the configuration is designated as E.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The IUPAC name for the compound has to be given and its configuration should be specified.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.

Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.

Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

$ClassSuffix namePrefix nameCarboxylic acid-oic acidCarboxyEster-oateAlkoxy carbonylAmide-amideAmidoNitrile-ntrileCyanoAldehyde-alOxo(=O)Aldehyde-alFormyl(-CH=O)Ketone-oneOxo(=O)Alcohol-olHydroxyAmine-amineAminoAlkene-eneAlkenylAlkyne-yneAlkynylAlkane-aneAlkylEther---AlkoxyAlkylhalide---Halo$

R and S nomenclature: it is used to assign the molecule using CIP (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog) rules.

The CIP rules are as follows:

Select the chiral carbon and assign the numbers according to the decreasing atomic mass of atoms attached to it.

If the numbering follows clockwise direction then the molecule is termed as R and if it follows anti-clockwise direction then molecule is termed as S.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17.4 - Which is the stronger acid in each pair?Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 17.3P Ch. 17.7 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17.8 - Prob. 17.5P Ch. 17.8 - Prob. AQ Ch. 17.8 - Prob. BQ Ch. 17.8 - Prob. CQ Ch. 17.8 - Permethrin and Bifenthrin Pyrethrin is a natural...Ch. 17.9 - Prob. 17.6P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the IUPAC name for the compound must be given and its configuration should be specified.

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Chapter 17 Solutions